A Look At Picasso :: essays research papers

Picassos Guernica is unique and unlike any other photograph or painting of a historical war scene. Historical photographs show scenes and capture moments in season, but when viewing them an intangible wall exists between the watchman and the photograph. The fight between photographs and original paintings is that the painting allows the viewer to break through the wall and actually experience the feelings and emotions expressed in the painting. We only see what we look at and to look is act of choice. (Ways of tenderness push-down storage 8) The photographers way of seeing is reflected in his choice of subject, they are showing you what they want you to see. (Ways of Seeing 10) Photographs are taken for a reason there are many other angles or other scenes a photographer can choose from and it is up to the photographer to decide which one the viewer sees. In essence, the viewer only sees one aspect of the image captured with the lens of the camera. For example, when only the hea d of a fig is visible in a picture which appeals to visual thinkingas distinguished, for example, from a news photograph which many make use of the sense of sight merely for the purpose of informing us of what went on in a certain placethat figure is always to be seen as being incomplete. (Arnheim 11) The eye cannot continue beyond the borders of the photograph and the wholeness of the picture is lost.In a painting, the artist has painted all of the elements to be seen simultaneously. The attestator may need time to examine each element of the painting but whenever he reaches a conclusion the simultaneity of the whole painting is here to reverse or woodland his conclusion. (Ways of Seeing 26) A painting maintains its own authority, the painting does not capture momentary appearances it creates its own. In doing so the viewer becomes a part of the painting, when the viewer steps away from the painting he is no longer an influence or a part of the painting. Paintings can not be see n in cardinal places at the same time, when the camera reproduces a painting, it destroys the uniqueness of its image. (Ways of Seeing13) The uniqueness is destroyed because the painting now travels to the spectator rather then the spectator to the painting. The viewer, views it in his or her surroundings and it is influenced by their surroundings.

Essay --

Daniel Gatewood2/24/14Research Paper Who ever said a poor kid could not get famous? Louis Armstrong proves this wrong. He was born into a poor family in a poverty striken playing field, his dad left the family by and by he was born, dropped out of school in fifth grade, shot a gun in the air, got arrested, was sent to a property for boys, and still married quartette times and still became the most popular jazz trumpet soloist ever. Louis was born on August 10, 1901 in a section of New Orleans called Storyville, to Mayann and Willie Armstrong. The area he was born in was so poor and dangerous it was nicknamed The Battlefield.(Source 1) Louiss dad was a factory worker and left the family after Louis was born. His mother accordingly became a prostitute to support the family. Because of her unique occupation she was forced to leave her two children with their strict grandma, Josephine, who used to be a slave. Because Louiss family was poor, he a lot sang on the street as a young child for nickels and dimes, but had to drop out of fifth grade to get jobs to support the family. fleck doing these things he often could hear music of popular bands coming out of bars and restaurants. He soon found that his favorite musician was Joe King Oliver, the channelize in Kid Orys band. As a result of firing a gun into the air, at a New Years jubilance in 1913, Louis was arrested. He was sent to the Colored Waifs Home for Boys. There he was instructed on the tambourine, then the drums, next the alto horn, and finally the cornet. Louis play it so well, that the music professor made Louis the leader of the marching band. He played at picnics and parades in his home town of Storyville. Here at the home for boys, Louis first fell in love with mu... ... and twenty-five thousand people came to pay their last respects to this Jazz hero. On the whole, Louis Daniel Armstrong was undeniably magnificent. He went by dint of much criticism but still kept doin g what made him happy. He recorded for fifty years, performed an average of three hundred concerts a year, appeared in xxx films, and was the greatest trumpet soloist the world will ever know. He wrote two auto-biographies, ten magazine articles, hundreds of pages of memoirs, and thousands of letters without even going to high school. The effect of his purport was even greater, for now his home in Queens, New York is now a national landmark. Many biographies receive been written about him. Even many musicians have spoken their opinion on the effect of his life. However, Louis Armstrong would never have done any of this if he had not loved just making people happy.

Wis :: essays research papers

. What I Know My first introduction to Islam was when I heard that a new picture show would be coming out called Malcolm X. I heard it was supposed to be really good once the filming was finished. So I decided to make the book before I watched the movie so that it would be easier for me to understand it when I see it on the big screen. I borrowed the book from the library and I was really enjoying the book until I got half way through, to the point where the Nation of Islam teaches that white passel be devils. I was so disgusted, I didnt finish the book. Finally, the movie was about to be released and I saw the previews on television, plus the reviews in the paper. It looked appealing, and I heard that Malcolm X later dropped out of the NOI and realized that white people are not devils. So I decided to read the book again, and I was very pleased that I finished it this time. However, I did not chase after more endureledge on the subject at this time. Then when I entered Galla udet, I met a lot of people who were Muslim and I spent rather some time with them. I learned bits and pieces about Islam through socializing with them. I never really asked questions, maybe occasionally I would. I roll in the hay a little bit about women in general and even less about womens roles. My knowledge about Islam is superficial, but I want to know more in depth the soul of the Muslim Woman. I know that women must dress modestly and cover their hair. Only their face and hands fanny show. I also know that many men prefer or consider the main role of women is to stay home and take care of their husbands, children, and entertain the home. That practice is stronger in Eastern societies than in America. I understand that many non-Muslims stereotypically think that the way Muslim women are treated is derogatory, because of the way they dress, the roles they play in their community, the limits that society bestows upon them, and that they have few rights. My main goal is to se e why most women choose to stay in Islam and what is really behind the Islamic stereotypes. II. What I Want to Find Out I chose to pick Women in Islam as my topic because I have many Muslim friends and I think they are very interesting.

NASA Cries for Money Essay -- Politics Government

In Lee Billings article, What Future for NASA, Billing discusses the foregone and present situation of the NASA program and how over fifty years of running hasnt accomplished NASA very much. In 1958 the National Aeronautics and Space Act was sign(a) allowing for NASA to be formed. This lead to a major race which caught Americas eye. The goal was to reach the Moon as quickly as possible, not to develop a haunting ability to go there. After the race was won in 1969, America lost interest. Even on NASAs 50th year anniversary, they were still unable to escape astronauts beyond low-Earth orbit.Fundings dramatically decreased and NASA is still struggling to pay for any advancements. Something must be done to insure the advancements of research for new technology. But with the want of funding there wont be anyway to do that very soon. According to Billing, NASAs 2009 budget is about $18 billion. Each year the US spends more than $ three hundred billion paying interest on the growing d ebt. On defense and homeland security the US will spend $600 billion and that does not intromit the $12 billion spent...

Social Discrimination Essay -- Sociology

During the Spring of 2012, The University of Southern Mississippis basketball police squad made their first appearance at the NCAA tournament since 1991. The team played against Kansas State University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. During the second half of the indorse, Kansas State was defeating the University of Southern Mississippi, due to their freshman point guard Angel Rodriguez who contributed many points. The Wildcats were leading the game by 70-64. As Angel Rodriguez was performing a free throw, some University of Southern Mississippi prep band students chanted Wheres your green card? This hap made national news and labeled the band students of the University of Southern Mississippi as ignorant, immature, and racist. The intense of emotions towards Southern Miss chance to continue having a position in the tournament struck the band members to resort discrimination against Rodriguez by using derogatory language. There are different stances that can take place when evaluatin g an happening such as this one. The University of Southern Mississippi is located in the Southern region of the United States which has an infamous reputation for racial discrimination and division for some(prenominal) years. When this is looked at by people from other regions of the United States, they will assume that the band members were racist. Angel Rodriguez is from Puerto Rico, an island in the northeastern Carribean. The majority of Puerto Ricos population consists of Hispanics and Latinos. Puerto Rico is non a U.S. State rather it is a commonwealth of the United States of America. This gives Puerto Ricans the benefits of having a United States citizenship therefore not requiring them to have a green card to be in the United States of America. A gree... ...ed the boundary of the band students perceived territory in the United States because of his ethnic background. Southern Miss prep band has members of minority backgrounds. If the minorities besides participated in the taunting, it shows that geography and racial discrimination is instilled in all races that are citizens of the United States. Rodriguez lives and attended school in Miami, Florida and for the band to question his citizenship status shows how racial divisiveness occurs even within the close knit regions of the United States. Miami, Florida is known for a large and thriving Spanish speaking population in the United States. whole kit and boodle CitedWilliams, Melvin D. 2003. Racism The Production, Reproduction, and Obsolescence of Social Inferiority. In New directions, ed. Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine. Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.

Social Discrimination Essay -- Sociology

During the Spring of 2012, The University of southerly Mississippis basketball team made their original appearance at the NCAA tournament since 1991. The team played against Kansas State University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. During the second half of the game, Kansas State was defeating the University of Southern Mississippi, due to their freshman point halt Angel Rodriguez who contributed many points. The Wildcats were leading the game by 70-64. As Angel Rodriguez was performing a free throw, some University of Southern Mississippi prep roundabout students chanted Wheres your green card? This incident made national news and labeled the band students of the University of Southern Mississippi as ignorant, immature, and racist. The intense of emotions towards Southern Miss regain to continue having a position in the tournament struck the band members to resort discrimination against Rodriguez by using derogatory language. There are diverse stances that can take place when evalua ting an incident such as this one. The University of Southern Mississippi is located in the Southern region of the United States which has an infamous reputation for racial discrimination and division for several years. When this is looked at by people from other regions of the United States, they will assume that the band members were racist. Angel Rodriguez is from Puerto Rico, an island in the northeastern Carribean. The majority of Puerto Ricos population consists of Hispanics and Latinos. Puerto Rico is not a U.S. State rather it is a commonwealth of the United States of America. This gives Puerto Ricans the benefits of having a United States citizenship therefore not requiring them to view a green card to be in the United States of America. A gree... ...ed the boundary of the band students perceived territory in the United States because of his ethnic background. Southern Miss prep band has members of minority backgrounds. If the minorities also participated in the taunti ng, it shows that geography and racial discrimination is instilled in all races that are citizens of the United States. Rodriguez lives and attended school in Miami, Florida and for the band to question his citizenship status shows how racial divisiveness occurs even within the close knit regions of the United States. Miami, Florida is known for a large and thriving Spanish verbalise population in the United States. Works CitedWilliams, Melvin D. 2003. Racism The Production, Reproduction, and Obsolescence of Social Inferiority. In New directions, ed. Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, and Peter N. Peregrine. Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.

Fair & Lovely

in newspapers or on the Web that are used by families to do suitable all(a)iances, and you will see that most potential coiffures and their families are looking for h starst brides some even are progressive e nary(prenominal)gh to invite responses from women be to a polar caste. These ads, hundreds of which appear in Indias daily newspapers, re? ect attempts to solicit individuals with the appropriate religion, caste, regional ancestry, professional and educational quali? cations, and, frequently, strip color. veritable(a) in the growing numbers of ads that announce caste no bar, the adjective fair regularly precedes professional quali? ations. In everyday conversation, the ultimate compliment on someones looks is to say someone is gora (fair). I have no problem with race inadequacying to be lighter, said a Delhi beauty living room owner, Saroj Nath. It doesnt make you racist, any more than trying to make yourself look youngisher makes you ageist. Bollywood (Indias Holly wood) glori? es conventions on beauty by always moulding a fair-skinned actress in the role of heroine, surrounded by the darkest extras. Women want to use whiteners because it is aspirational, like losing weight. Even the gods supposedly lament their dark complexion Krishna sings plaintively, Radha kyoon gori, main kyoon kala? (Why is Radha so fair when Im dark? ). A skin de? cient in melanin (the pigment that determines the skins brown color) is an ancient predilection. More than 3,500 years ago, Charaka, the illustrious sage, wrote about herbs that could help make the skin fair. Indian dermatologists maintain that luridness products crowd outnot truly work as they reach only the upper layers of the skin and so do not affect melanin production. Nevertheless, for some, upright & lovable is a miracle worker. A user gushes that The last time I went to my parents home, I got compliments on my fair skin from everyone. For others, there is only disappointment. One 26-year-old wo rking woman has been a regular user for the past eight years and to no avail. I should have turned into Snow White by now but my skin is still the same wheatish color. As an owner of a public transaction ? rm commented, My maid has been utilize Fair and attractive for years and I still cant see her in the dark . . .. But she goes on using it. Hope springs eternal, I suppose. The number of Indians who think lighter skin is more beautiful may be shrinking.Sumit Isralni, a 22-year-old hair designer in his finds salon, thinks things have changed in the last two years, at least in Indias most cosmopoli suntan cities, Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore. Women now prefer their own complexion, their ingrained way Isralni says he prefers a more Indian beauty himself I wont judge my wife on how fair her complexion is. Sunita Gupta, a beautician in the same salon, is more critical. Its just foolishness she exclaimed. The premise of the ads that women could not become airline attendants if they are dark-skinned was wrong, she said. Nowadays plenty like black beauty. It is a truism that women, especially in the tropics, desire to be a shade fairer, no matter what their skin color. Yet, unlike the advent used in India, advertisements elsewhere usually show how to use the product and how it works. Cultural Norms, Fair & Lovely, and Advertising CASE 2? 2 Fair & Lovely, a branded product of Hindustan Lever Ltd. (HLL), is touted as a cosmetic that lightens skin color. On its Web site (www. hll. com), the company calls its product the miracle worker, turn up to deliver one to three shades of change. objet dart tanning is the rage in Western countries, skin lightening treatments are popular in Asia. According to industry sources, the top-selling skin lightening skim over in India is Fair & Lovely from Hindustan Lever Ltd. (HLL), followed by CavinKares Fairever brand. HLLs Fair & Lovely brand dominated the market with a 90 percent share until CavinKare Ltd. (CKL) launche d Fairever. In just two years, the Fairever brand gained an impressive 15 percent market share. HLLs share of market for the Fair & Lovely line generates about $60 million annually. The product sells for about 23 rupees ($0. 9) for a 25-gram tube of cream. The rapid growth of CavinKares Fairever (www. cavinkare .com) brand prompted HLL to enlarge its advertising effort and to launch a series of ads depicting a fairer girl bum arounds the boy theme. One advertisement featured a ? nancially strapped father express feelings his fate, saying, If only I had a give-and-take, while his dark-skinned fille looks on, helpless and demoralized because she cant bear the ? nancial responsibility of her family. Fast-forward and plain Jane has been transformed into a gorgeous light-skinned woman through the use of a fairness cream, Fair & Lovely.Now clad in a miniskirt, the woman is a flourishing ? ight attendant and can take her father to dine at a ? ve-star hotel. Shes happy and so is he r father. In another ad, two good-natured young women are sitting in a bedroom one has a boyfriend and, consequently, is happy. The darkerskinned woman, lacking a boyfriend, is not happy. Her friends adviceUse a bar of soap to wash away the dark skin thats keeping men from ? ocking to her. HLLs series of ads provoked CavinKare Ltd. to counter with an ad that takes a dig at HLLs Fair & Lovely ad.CavinKares ad has a fatherdaughter duo as the protagonists, with the father shown encouraging the daughter to be an achiever irrespective of her complexion. CavinKare maintained that the objective of its new commercial is not to take a dig at Fair & Lovely but to reinforce Fairevers positioning. scratch color is a powerful theme in India, and much of Asia, where a lighter color represents a higher status. While Americans and Europeans ? ock to tanning salons, many crossways Asia seek ways to have fair complexions. Culturally, fair skin is associated with positive values that relate to cla ss and beauty.One Indian lady commented that when she was growing up, her mother forbade her to go outdoors. She was not trying to keep her daughter out of trouble but was trying to keep her skin from getting dark. Brahmins, the priestly caste at the top of the social hierarchy, are considered fair because they traditionally stayed inside, poring over books. The undercaste at the bottom of the ladder are regarded as the darkest hoi polloi because they customarily worked in the searing sun. Ancient Hindu scriptures and modern poetry eulogize women endowed with skin made of white marble.Skin color is closely identi? ed with caste and is laden with symbolism. Pursue any of the grooms and brides wanted ads cat2994X_case2_019-046. indd 25 cat2994X_case2_019-046. indd 25 8/27/10 205 PM 8/27/10 205 PM Part 6 Supplementary Material three-month Home Healthcare Nursing Assistant course catering to young women between the ages of 18 and 30 years. According to HLL, the Fair & Lovely Academy f or Home Care Nursing Assistants removeers a unique training opportunity for young women who possess no entry-level skills and therefore are not employable in the new economy job market.The Fair & Lovely Foundation plans to serve as a gas pedal for the economic empowerment for women across India. The Fair & Lovely Foundation will showcase the achievements of these women not only to honor them but also to set an good example for other women to follow. AIDWAs fight back against ads that convey the message, if she is not fair in color, she wont get married or wont get promoted, also has resulted in some adjustment to fairness cream ads. In revised versions of the fairness cream ads, the get fair to attract a groom theme is being reworked with enhance your selfcon? ence so that a potential groom himself begs for attention. It is an attempt at typifying the modern Indian woman, who has more than just marriage on her mind. Advertising focus is now on the message that lighter skin enabl es women to obtain jobs conventionally held by men. She is career-oriented, has high aspirations, and, at the same time, wants to look good. AIDWA concedes that the authentic crop of television ads for fairness creams are not as demeaning as ones in the past. However, it remains against the product as the president of AIDWA stated, It is downright racist to denigrate dark skin. Although AIWDAs press against fairness creams seems to have had a modest impact on changing the advertising message, it has not slowed the demand for fairness creams. Sales of Fair & Lovely, for example, have been growing 15 to 20 percent year over year, and the $318 million market for skin care has grown by 42. 7 percent in the last three years. Says Euromonitor International, a research ? rm Half of the skin care market in India is fairness creams and 60 to 65 percent of Indian women use these products daily. Recently, several Indian companies were extending their marketing of fairness creams beyond urba n and rural markets.CavinKares launch of Fairever, a fairness cream in a small sachet pack priced at Rs 5, aimed at rural markets where some 320 million Indians reside. Most marketers have found rural markets impossible to cross pro? tably due to low income levels and inadequate distribution systems, among other problems. However, HLL is approaching the market through Project Shakti, a rural initiative that targets small villages with populations of 2,000 people or less. It empowers underprivileged rural women by providing income-generating opportunities to sell small, lower priced packets of its brands in villages.Special packaging for the rural market was designed to provide single-use sachet packets at 50 paise for a sachet of shampoo to Rs 5 for a fairness cream (for a weeks usage). The aim is to have 100,000 Shakti Ammas, as they are called, spread across 500,000 villages in India by year end. CavinKare is growing at 25 percent in rural areas compared with 15 percent in urban centers. In plus to expanding market effort into rural markets, an unexpected market arose when a research study revealed Indian men were applying girlie fairness potions in drovesbut on the sly.It was estimated that 40 percent of boyfriends/husbands of girlfriends/wives were applying white magic solutions that came in little tubes. Indian companies spotted a business opportunity, and Fair & Handsome, Menz Active, Fair One Man, and a male discolourise called Saka were introduced to the male market. The sector expanded dramatically when Shah Rukh Khan, a highly acclaimed annotateing on the cultural bias toward fair skin, one critic states, There are attractive people who go through life feeling inferior to their fairer sisters.And all because of charming grandmothers and aunts who do not hesitate to make un? attering comparisons. Kalee Kalooti is an oft-heard comment about women who glide by to have darker skin. They get humiliated and morti? ed over the color of their skin, a fa ct over which they have no control. Are societal values responsible? Or advertising campaigns? Advertising moguls claim they only re? ect prevailing attitudes in India. This is possibly true but what about ethics in advertising? Is it correct to make advertisements that openly denigrate a majority of Indian peoplethe dark-skinned populace?The advertising is blatant in their strategy. handle anyone who is not the right color and shoot down their self-image. A dermatologist comments, law obtained with the help of creams is short-lived. The main reason being, most of these creams contain a true amount of bleaching agent, which whitens facial hair, and not the skin, which leads people to believe that the cream worked. Furthermore, In India the popularity of a product depends totally on the success of its advertising. HLL launched its television ad campaign to promote Fair & Lovely but withdrew it after four months amid severe criticism for its portrayal of women. Activists argued that one of the messages the company sends through its air hostess ads demonstrating the orientation for a son who would be able to take on the ? nancial responsibility for his parents is especially harmful in a country such as India where sex discrimination is rampant. Another offense is perpetuating a culture of discrimination in a society where fair is synonymous with beautiful. AIDWA (All India Womens Democratic Association) lodged a sickness at the time with HLL about their offensive ads, but Hindustan Lever failed to respond. The womens association then appealed to the National Human Rights Commission alleging that the ad demeaned women. AIDWA objected to three things (1) the ads were racist, (2) they were promoting son preference, and (3) they were insulting to working women. The way they represent the young woman who, after using Fair & Lovely, became attractive and therefore lands a job suggested that the main quali? ation for a woman to get a job is the way she looks. The Human Rights Commission passed AIDWAs complaints on to the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, which said the campaign violated the Cable and goggle box Network Act of 1995provisions in the act state that no advertisement shall be permitted which derides any race, caste, color, creed and nationality and that Women must not be portrayed in a manner that emphasized passive, submissive qualities and encourages them to play a subordinate secondary role in the family and society. The government issued notices of the complaints to HLL.After a year-long campaign led by the AIDWA, Hindustan Lever Limited discontinued two of its television advertisements for Fair & Lovely fairness cold cream. Shortly after pulling its ads off the air, HLL launched its Fair & Lovely Foundation, vowing to encourage economic empowerment of women across India by providing resources in education and business to millions of women who, though immensely talented and capable, need a guiding hand to help them take the leap forward, presumably into a fairer future. HLL sponsored career fairs in over 20 cities across the country offering focussing in as many as 110 careers.It supported 100 rural scholarships for women students passing their 10th grade, a professional course for aspiring beauticians, and a cat2994X_case2_019-046. indd 26 cat2994X_case2_019-046. indd 26 8/27/10 205 PM 8/27/10 205 PM Cases 2 The Cultural milieu of Global Marketing 2. Is it ethical to exploit cultural norms and values to promote a product? Discuss. 3. Is the advertising of Fair & Lovely demeaning to women, or is it promoting the fairness cream in a way not too dissimilar from how most cosmetics are promoted? 4. Will HLLs Fair & Lovely Foundation be enough to counter charges made by AIDWA?Discuss. 5. In light of AIDWAs charges, how would you suggest Fair & Lovely promote its product? Discuss. Would your response be different if Fairever continued to use fairness as a theme of its promotion? Discuss. 6. P ropose a promotion/marketing program that will counter all the arguments and charges against Fair & Lovely and be an effective program. 7. Now that a male market for fairness cream exists, is the strength of AIDWAs argument weakened? 8. Comment on using Shakti Ammas to introduce fairness cream for the masses in light of AIDWAs charges.Sources Nicole Leistikow, Indian Women Criticize Fair and Lovely Ideal, Womens eNews , April 28, 2003 Arundhati Parmar, Objections to Indian Ad Not Taken Lightly, Marketing News , June 9, 2003, p. 4 Fair & Lovely Launches Foundation to Promote Economic Empowerment of Women, press release, Fair & Lovely Foundation, http// www. hll. com (search for foundation), March 11, 2003 Rina Chandran, All for SelfControl, Business Line (The Hindu), April 24, 2003 Khozem Merchant and Edward Luce, Not So Fair and Lovely, Financial Times , March 19, 2003 Fair & Lovely Rede? es Fairness with Multivitamin Total Fairness Cream, press release, Hindustan Lever Ltd. , May 3 , 2005 Dr. Deepa Kanchankoti, Do You Think Fairness Creams Work? http//www. mid-day. com/metro, July 13, 2005 CavinKare Launches Small Sachet Packs, Business India , celestial latitude 7, 2006 Analysis of Skin Care Advertising on TV During JanuaryAugust 2006, Indiantelevision. com Media, Advertising, Marketing Watch, October 17, 2006 Women Power Gets Full Play in CavinKares Brand Strategy. The Economic Times (New Delhi, India), December 8, 2006 Heather Timmons, Telling Indias Modern Women They Have Power, Even Over Their Skin Tone, The New York Times , May 30, 2007 The Year We Almost Lost improbable (or Short or Medium-Height), Dark and Handsome, The Hindustan Times , December 29, 2007 Indias Hue and Cry Over Paler Skin, The Sunday Telegraph (London), July 1, 2007 Fair and Lovely? University Wire , June 4, 2007 The zip to Keep up with Modern India, Media, June 29, 2007 Aneel Karnani, Doing Well by Doing GoodCase Study Fair & Lovely Whitening Cream, Strategic Management Journal 2 8, no. 3 (2007), pp. 135157. Bollywood actor likened to an Indian Tom Cruise, decided to endorse Fair & Handsome. Euromonitor International forecasts that in the next ? ve years, spending on mens preparedness products will rise 24 percent to 14. 5 billion rupees, or US$320 million. A recent product review in www. mouthshut. com, p nominates Fair & Lovely fairness cream Fair & Lovely contains fairness vitamins which penetrate deep down our skin to give us radiant fairness. I dont know if it can change the skin color from dark to fair, but my personal experience is that it works very well, if you have a naturally fair color and want to preserve it without much headache. I think Riya Sen has the best skin right now in Bollywood. It appears to be really prosperous and tender. So, to have a soft and fair skin like her I recommend Fair & Lovely Fairness Lotion or Cream. Yet skin color isnt a proof of greatness. Those with wheatish or dark skin are by no way inferior to those who have fair skin. Here are a a few(prenominal) facts from Hindustan Lever Ltd. s homepage Lever Limited is Indias largest Packaged Mass Consumption Goods Company. We are leaders in Home and Personal Care Products and nutriment and Beverages including such products as Ponds and Pepsodent. We seek to meet everyday needs of people everywhereto anticipate the aspirations of our consumers and customers and to respond creatively and competitively with branded products and services which raise the quality of life. It is this purpose which inspires us to build brands. Over the past 70 years, we have introduced about 110 brands. Fair & Lovely has been specially designed and proven to eliver one to three shades of change in most people. Also its sunscreen system is specially optimized for Indian skin. Indian skin, unlike Caucasian skin, tends to tan rather than burn and, hence, requires a different combination of UVA and UVB sunscreens. You may want to visit HLLs homepage (www. hhl. com) for addi tional information about the company. QUESTIONS 1. Is it ethical to sell a product that is, at best, only mildly effective? Discuss. cat2994X_case2_019-046. indd 27 cat2994X_case2_019-046. indd 27 8/27/10 205 PM 8/27/10 205 PM

Role of Management Accounting in International Firm

INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING Sources 1) Financial knowledge enables central control to determine what is happening in polar subsidiaries. That enable the integration and control of subsidiaries by the central control. (Belkauoi, 1991) 2) Management accounting involvement in currency management is also important as the fluctuations in the ex stir rate can distort the financial results of the subsidiaries. (Eiteman, Stonehill and Moffet, 1992). ) Management accounting is a means of co-ordinating established word forms and its form depends on the strategies a firm adopts for configuration and co-ordination (Tomkins, 1991) 4) Study by Biles and Assada (1991) investigated how the Nipponese and American ownership firms evaluated the performance of their subsidiaries. The US firms frequently used financial ratios for performance measurement. ROI was by far most important, whereas Japanese firms pay more attention to individual line-items in the budget such as sales volume and production cost s. ) Horovitz(1978) compared management controls between UK, French and German firms. He concluded that German and French firms tend to be more centralized than the UK firms. The control systems of German and French companies were more detailed than that of UK firms. 6) Holzer and Schonfelt (1986) illustrated that accounting systems of major(ip) European and US firms differ greatly and, although supranationalisation affects their management accounting systems, it does not do so in a linear fashion. Factors 1) Configuration. ) Strategy. 3) Ownership of the firm. situation OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN INTERNATIONAL FIRM The international firms have disperse configuration as their activities in the value chain are fete throughout the world. Therefore, the international firms use management accounting to co-ordinate and integrate their activities in different countries. The utilisation and scope of management accounting differs in international firms depending upon the relationship b etween their subsidiaries and the strategy of their top management. Porter 1986) classified international firms into the global firms, the multidomestic firms and the exporting firms. Both global and multidomestic firms have dispersed configuration besides the former is an integrated unit whereas the latter is a conglomerate that achieves control by making its subsidiaries as independent of each other as possible. In a global firm, management accounting supports a dispersed configuration of the value chain located across the world. The output of one subsidiary is an insert of other subsidiary located in a different country.The dispersed location of subsidiaries call for extensive co-ordination and central management intervention in the personal business of the subsidiaries. By focusing on global product-line profitability, the central management can use management accounting to establish an integrated organization. Various operations the like production, sales, R&D are positione d globally according to specific locational advantage and they are integrated through extensive planning and budgeting activities.Management accounting in an international firm is a finely tuned information mechanism. In contrast, there is little integration of subsidiaries in a multidomestic firma as they usually operate in different businesses. Therefore, they are relatively free to devise their own strategies and plans and to monitor their progress towards them. Central management monitors subsidiaries from a portfolio management perspective which evaluates subsidiaries erectly on financial rates of profitability.Management accounting role in multidomestic firms is setting financial targets for sudsidaries and evaluating their performance using composite financial ratios like ROI( Return on investment), ROA (Return on assets) , RI (residual income) and ROE ( return on equity). There is little emphasis on information which integrates activities across subsidiaries. International firms are exposed to exchange rates fluctuation risks. These fluctuations creates uncertain cash flows in corporate currency and also can distort the performance of subsidiaries (Eiteman, Stonehill and Moffet, 1992).Therefore, the management accounting manage the currency risks in the international firms by monitoring the short-term transaction motion picture to debtors and creditors, medium term budgeting of international cash flows and long term strategic currency and exposure concerns over the firms strategic planning period. Management accounting uses transfer pricing between subsidiaries in different countries in order to increase international firms after-tax global profits. Through transfer pricing firms may divert profits to regions where taxes are low (Radebaugh and Gray, 1993).The threat of this puts pressure on host governments to make and adminstor tax laws that benefits the firm. However, the firms seek to be as independent of the individual location as is possible, t o minimize the political risks such as change in government causing substantial changes in host countrys economic policies. The management accounting plays a key and wide role in international firms. The information technology is improving and becoming cheap with the passage of time. That will further deepen the role of management accounting in the international firms.According to Belkauoi (1991), the financial knowledge resulting from management accounting has enabled the integration and control of dispersedly configured firms by the central control. The global firm is characterized by its large geographical reach and the considerable interdependence between its subsidiaries. Global firm uses management accounting to integrate its activities across the globe. On other hand, the multidomestic firms subsidiaries are quite independent in their activities.

Caring for children and young people Essay

Childrens figure 1989, 2004Section 3 (1) in this turn of events bootal business means all rights, duties, power, responsibilities and authority which by law a put forward or a baby has in relation to the tiddler and their property. Childrens cloak 1989, describes how local authorities should carry out their responsibilities in relation to palm planning, placement and case review for looked after electric s trancerren. These responsibilities are designed to support the local authority in its primary duty set out in section 22(3) of the 1989 Act to safeguard and promote the welfare of the looked after nipper and to live up to as good corporate raises to enable each looked after peasant to achieve his/her full potential in life.A key principle of the 1989 Act is that tikeren are best looked after inwardly their families, with their parents playing a full rive in their lives, unless compulsory intervention in family life is necessary.Children in addressThis is where the local authority has gone to court for a burster value, commonly against a parents wishes. The local authority whitethorn place the minor with relatives, with foster carers or in a community (or residential) home until he/shes 18 years old or the court end the order. Under the Children Act 1989 a council depose apply for a care order if it believes a child is suffering or at risk of suffering signifi throw outt harm. If you agree to your child becoming looked after and there is no care order, youll continue to hasten parental certificate of indebtedness for your child. Children are put into care be trend their parents pretermit to show responsibility for them, or they are under the influence of drugs/alcohol and fuck appear abusive and a threat to the childs life. Legal duties under the children act 1989Child appreciatement order (sec 43) under which the child can be seen and assessed, It must only be requested if the applicant has reason to believe that the child is p resumable to suffer significant harm or that an sound judgement isrequired to determine if the child is likely to suffer significant harm. Emergency aegis order (sec 44) under which the child can be kept in, or removed to, a particular place (hospital or home). The court pass on only compress the order further if its believed a child is likely in danger and harm, and that the order is both necessary and proportionate to the level of risk present to the child. A care or supervision order (sec 31) the LA can decide where the child is to live until he/she is 18 years old. The LA has 3 duties towards the child under the SO to advise, befriend and assist the child, to take steps that are necessary to give the order full effect and if the order is non followed then to consider whether to vary the order, attach requirements to it or even substitute it for a care order. Sometimes the children whitethorn not be taken into care, except you may have to be supervised by Social Services fo r a while to make sure the children are well cared for, this is cal conduct a charge Order The foster placement regulations 1991The child must be visited regularly in the foster home officer by a local authority. cling to parents must give k at a timeledge about their health, accommodation, religion and cultural background and capacity to care for a child of a particular racial/ heathen origin, culture or linguistic background. Children in foster care deserve to be treated as a good parent would treat their consume children and to have the opportunity for as full an experience of family life and childhood as possible, without unnecessary restrictions.Parental reasonsParental reasons can lead a child to be put in foster care the reasons are as followed Family related reasonsThe main factor and reason children normally go into foster care is based on their family. Their family may experience financial problems, where they cant take responsibility for their child nor provide food a nd support for them. In any(prenominal) cases, a parent may be very ill and unable to work or care for a child. The wipeout of a parent may also make it difficult for the other parent to provide the care a child unavoidably. Parents who are in incarcerated may lose custody of their children until they have served their sentences. Suspected crySuspected vitiate can embroil physical and sexual tread. Physical abuse usually means to the extreme, where bruising is left on a child and numerous attempts to admirer a family learn alternative means of disciple have failed, and sexual abuse can include persuading or forcing a child to take part in sexual activities, or encouraging a child to behave in sexually in remove ship canal. whatsoever forms of this in household, social services volition get involved and remove the child from the house and put them into care.BereavementThough rare, as there is usually family available to care for a child after the death of a parent, there ha ve been cases when children do enter foster care after the death of a parent.MaltreatmentChild maltreatment, sometimes referred to as child abuse and neglect, includes all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation that results in actual or potential harm to the childs health, development or dignity, this will lead the child to going into care.Loss of parentA loss of parent to a child, leaves a child with no adult responsibility, if under the age of 18, therefore this child will be taking into care to be mightily looked after. Child or schoolgirlish person related e.g. health problems, learning difficulties, as a result of committing an offence Parental illnessA parent being physically and mentally ill, will result to them not raising their child with full responsibility, from having lack of responsibility and full control all over themselves, if this is spy by social services they will make the decision to place the child in a better place.Behavioural problemsThe child can have behaviour problems to an extent (anger management) where their parents arent able to handle them properly and they are out of hand, the parents can seek help elsewhere too, but care can also be an option.Jamie Bulger caseRobert Thompson and Jon Venables became Britains most notorious child killers in 1993 after murdering the two year old James Bulger. Outrage cancelled to shock when photographs of the two 10 year olds were released, showing a pair of frightened children. The two friends were both from broken homes. Robert Thompson who was described as quiet up to now friendly, came from a disfunctional family in which both parents were heavy drinkers and his six brothers fought constantly even threatening to knife each other. His father, who beat and sexually ill-treat his wife and children, left the family when the Thompson was five. Pass Two- outline the ar melt downments for providing quality care for looked after children and youn g people The convention on the rights of the child 1989The United Nations office of the high commissioner for gentleman rights (UNCHR) based in Geneva, Switzerland. Under the term of the convention, a child under the age of 18. The section 54 articles in the convention explain the rights given to children in countries that have signed the convention. Governments have a responsibility to take all available measures to make sure childrens rights are respected, protected and fulfilled. deflower barbPeter Connelly was a 17 month year old British boy who died n London after suffering more than fifty injuries over an eight month period, during which he was repeatedly seen by Haringey childrens services and NHS health professionals In November, Connellys new boyfriend, Steven Barker, moved in with her. In December, a GP noticed bruises on Peters face and chest. His mother was arrested and Peter was put into the care of a family friend, but returned home to his mothers care in January 20 07. Injuries to Baby Peters face and hands are missed by a social worker after the boy is deliberately smeared with chocolate to hide them. On the 3rd of august 2007, Baby Peter was found dead in his cot, Dr Jerome Ikwueke, a GP who saw Baby Peter 14 times before his death, is suspended by the General Medical Council. Two social workers, who dealt with Baby Peter, Gillie Christou and Maria Ward, lose their lease for unfair dismissal. They had argued they were sacked unfairly by Haringey Council following his death, but a tribunal found the authority acted reasonably because of failings in the care theyprovided. Baby P was neglected, social workers and doctors failed to take authorities when clear evidence, showed he was in danger. The common assessment frameworkThe common assessment framework is a key part of delivering frontline services that are integrated and focused around the needs of children and young people. It is a standardised advent used by practitioners to assess chil drens supernumerary needs and decide how these should be met. The CAF should be offered to children who have additional needs to those being met by universal services. Unless a child is presenting a need, it is unlikely the CAF will be offered. The CAF is a four-step process hereby practitioners can identify a childs or young persons needs early, assess those needs holistically, deliver coordinated services and review progress a practitioner is worried about how well a child or young person is progressing (e.g. concerns about their health, development, welfare, behaviour, progress in learning or any other aspect of their wellbeing) a child or young person, or their parent/carer, raises a concern with a practitioner a childs or young persons needs are unclear, or broader than the practitioners service can addressHamza khanHamza Khan was a 4 year old child who was starved to death by his soaking mother over a period of years. During his life, Hamzah missed a series of appointments a t hospital, with health visitors and GPs, and he did not receive routine immunisations. His mother Amanda Hutton, 43, was jail for 15 years last month after being found guilty of manslaughter. The framework for the assessment of children in needThe framework for the assessment of children in need and their families provides a systematic basis for collecting and analysing information to support professional judgements about how to help children and families in the best interest of the child. In addition, it takes accounting of relevant legislation at the time of publication, but is particularly informed by the requirements of the Children Act 1989, which provides a comprehensive framework for the care and protection of children.The judicial decision Framework involves gathering and analyzing information in three domains Childrens developmental needsParents or caregivers capacity to respond appropriately Impact of the wider family and environmental factors on parenting capacity and children.Pass Three- Explain the factors that would lead to suspicion of child maltreatment or abuse Risk of maltreatmentChild maltreatment, sometimes referred to as child abuse and neglect, includes all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation that results in actual or potential harm to the childs health. When a child is being maltreated a childs rights are compromised and they are not cared for. A risk of maltreatment cause also be from within the family, and this could potential effect the conjure upth of the child. Hamzah KhanHamzah Khans case was showed to portray neglection, he was starved to death and his needs were not recognised devolveNeglect is a form of abuse. It is the persistent failure to meet a childs basic physical and/or psychological needs likely to result in the serious impairment of the childs health or development. When a child does not have what they need to function effectively. They may be deprived of security safely, shelter, warmth, food or love.BullyingThis term is used when someone uses their power or position to intimidate another item-by-item Bullying can be classed as abuse. Bullying can be demonstrated through the physical actions as well as through oral or written actions that lead to mental health and distress issues. Behaviours used to assert such domination can include verbal harassment or threat, physical assault or coercion, and such acts may be directed repeatedly towards particular targets.AbuseThe word abuse covers a wide range of behaviour. Abuse can be criminal acts of fury or acts of neglect. There are different forms of abuse Physical Sexual Emotional Psychological financial NeglectInstitutional PhysicalPhysical abuse is any intentional and unwanted contact with you or something close to your body. Physical abuse can include, pushing, slapping, chance on to cold and striking with an object. SexualAlso referred to as molestation, is forcing undesired sexual behav iour by one person upon another. This includes being touched in a way you dont like, or youre made to watch someone do something sexual. PsychologicalPsychological abuse, also referred to as emotional abuse or mental abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person orbiting or exposing another to behaviour that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. InstitutionalInstitutional abuse is the maltreatment of a person from a system of power, this can typically occur in a care home, nursing home or in-patient setting. Financial Financial abuse is one form of control used by domestic violence perpetrators in order to gain power over their partner, and is the most direct way in which domestic violence and financial issues relate to each other. ad hominem hygieneHygiene is a set of practices performed for the preservation of health. Poor hygiene and lack of ego-care can show that a person thinks little of themselves, and can cause skin complaints, unpleasant smells and bacterial or parasitic infections.MalnourishmentMalnutrition is present in the form of under-nutrition, which is caused by a diet lacking adequate calories and protein. Indicators of malnutrition include the person looking thinner than average for their age and height. Extreme undernourishment is starvation, and its symptoms and effects are inanition. Emotional withdrawalA change in childs normal behaviour is often a sign that they are being abused or have been abused. Emotional withdrawal is classified as a lack of emotional connection to others and the inability to communicate this can affect a childs self worth and self esteem, deviation them feeling devalued, and withdrawing themselves from others. BruisingBruising on infants, unexplained bruises, bruises in unusual places (upper arms, hands, ears, neck, buttocks, etc.), and bruises in specific shapes, like a large bite mark, cigarette burn, or belt mark, can be signs of chi ld abuse. Victoria Climbe and Baby P were covered with bruising due to their abusing, which lead them both to death. Pass Four- Explain appropriate responses when child maltreatment or abuse is suspected Behaviour indicatorWithdrawal A child that is being maltreated, will withdraw or isolate themselves from others, even close friends and other family, this is a response from them because they dont want to communicate with anyone. Aggression Aggression is a common response from a chid that is being abused or maltreated. They will become very frustrated and take their anger out on other people. Distress- Children get distressed from abuse they will experience proscribe self identity, which also brings a feeling of worthlessness. Rocking/head banging This is a response from abuse, children will do this as they see it as easing the pain and them being scared will lead them to self harming themselves. Hunger- Starvation could be done by a person to a child, or they could starve thems elves. Reluctance to go home A child will be scared to go home, fearing they will end up acquire the same treatment, which affects their self esteem. Low self esteem Children with low self esteem have been linked to abuse/bullying. They will experience negative self identity and they will feel highly depressed. Development delay Children may have development delays as a result to abuse/maltreatment. They can lack in communication and being ready as a young child, due to abuse not allowing them to be themselves.Consequences of maltreatmentEmotion and physiological dysfunction Psychological problems often manifest as high-risk behaviours, Maltreatment, for example, may make a child more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol or drugs, or overeat. Physical consequences, such as damage to a childs growing consciousness, can have psychological implications, such as emotional difficulties. unsoundness Consequences of maltreatment can affect a childs diet, where they are not malnourished e nough because they are under eating. This will also finally lead a child to being anorexic. Social Inadequacy Children who experience neglect are more likely to develop antisocial traits as they grow up. Mental health- Health and physical effects can include the immediate effects of bruises, broken bones etc, and also long term effects of the brain damage and permanent disabilities. Cognitive abilities (intellectual) Some studies find evidence of lowered intellectual and cognitive functioning in abused children as compared to children who have not been abused. They will have troubles bonding with others. Lack of attachment A child will be more anti, and have lack of trust in others, cause them not to social and get close to anyone. Substance abuse children who have experienced abuse or neglect will smoke cigarettes, abuse alcohol, or take illicit drugs during their lifetime.Safeguard initiativeIs the process of providing protection.Safeguarding personThere must be someone in y our organisation that will take action if there is a concern or allegations made with regards to a child young person. Once you have contacted childrens social care. From this point your concerns are cognize as a Referral. Social workers then have a duty by law to investigate the situation or circumstances that have led to the referral. They will complete an assessment/ child protection investigation in partnership with police and talk to the child/ family and visit home. Child protection conferencesIf the assessment indicates that the child is at risk of harm a child protection conference may be called. Its purpose is toBring together and analyse, in an inter-agency setting, the information that has been obtained about the childs developmental needs, and the parents or carers capacity to respond to these needs Ensure the childs safety and promote the childs health and development within the context of their wider family and environment Decide what future action is required to safe guard and promote the welfare of the child, including the child becoming the subject of a Child Protection Plan.Disclosure and barring serviceThe disclosure and barring service (DBS) helps employers make safer recruitment decisions and prevent unsuitable people from running(a) with vulnerable groups, including children. It replaces the criminal records bureau (CRB) and independent safeguarding authority (ISA). The checking service allows employers to access the criminal record history of people working, or seeking to work, in definite positions, especially those that involve working with children or adults in specific situations. Criminal records bureauCRB disclosures are made under the police act 1997.Child protection policyChildren and young people are victims of different kind of abuse and that they can be subjected to social factors that have an adverse impact upon their lives. Including domestic violence, agency misuse, bullying, child prostitution and ritualistic abuse. Rec ognise its responsibility to safeguarding and promote the welfare of children under 18 within the legal framework of the children act 1989, 2004. Its purpose is to help us to develop a common understanding of child protection issues, develop good practice across the diverse and complex areas in which we function and thereby increase accountability in this crucial aspect of our work.Pass five- Explain the strategies and methods that can be used to support children, young people and their families where abuse is suspected or confirmed Strategies with childrenBeing respectful must be earned it cannot be ordered or demanded, and it can easily be destroyed. Child- centred approach Remember that the child is at the centre and that they are the people who need to be empowered and supported so they can take control of their lives. Providing active support. Support needs to be readily available and practical when people are in need.Policies of the settingIt is important that everyone workin g with children in a care and education setting is aware of, and has read, the policies of the setting. Doing ensures that staff members are at less risk of being accused of abuse or other neglectful things. Procedures needs to be followed to ensure that best practice is put in place and to ensure that setting is running smoothly and that everyone is acting in a accordant manner.Empowering childrenChildren need to understand that they have rights of their own. Empowering children is about giving them information that is reliable, respecting their views, recognising each child and young person is an individual, that they might be exposed to damaging ideas and negative experiences and that this might influence their behaviour and own ideas. This can be achieved by Helping them to understand the boundaries they might come across. Reinforcing issues when they arise in a validatory manner such as turn taking, no pushing, being patient, understanding some children take more time than ot hers to complete tasks, everyone has their own individual ways of completing tasks. Letting them resolve their own conflicts whenever possible. Supporting assertiveness, self-confidence, self-esteem and resilience Children need to be assertive at times and should be encouraged to do so. Supporting assertiveness is essential So that they can stick up for themselves and express their thoughts, feelings and desires with other people. These thoughts feelings and desires are their personal boundaries. As well as bread and butter self- confidence to help them feel good about themselves and the way they see themselves. If a child has confidence then I believe he/she will be more relaxed and happy and not end up in situations they dont want to be in. Children with good self esteem escape to do better and handle situations better than ones with poor self esteem. Sharinginformation, and not keeping secretsEncourage children to have open relationships with people so that they can share, this will allow them to trust other and realise that people can be there for them as much as they didnt think so, source up is a key to having a better life. DevelopmentThose things children need to reach their full potential from education and play to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. near development support will help a child be successful in the future, leading them on the right path. Improving self-imageChildren who have been abused will inevitably have a poor self-image and may need help in developing a more positive view of them, this can be done by going over what they dislike about themselves, and reassuring them, they are the complete opposite. Parenting skillsParenting skills do not always come by nature to people, especially if they were raised in a family situation where those skills were lacking, good parenting skills can include being a positive role model, not telling your child to not do one thing, when you do it yourself, things like reasonable discipline is good enough to being an effective parent. Whistle blowingMany settings have now also adopted a whistle blowing policy so that if any inappropriate behaviour is observed among the staff it can be reported in a appropriate way. Reporting arrangementsThe policy of settings will specify the lines of reporting in cases where abuse is suspected or confirmed. This can support young children as reporting will lead to the situation being solved and the child no longer has to go through that anymore. Security of recordsAll records must be safely and securely stored, and only accessible to those who need to see them in a professional capacity Having an effective access and security program in place will help to ensure that records are available, when appropriate, for useare not subject to unauthorised usecannot be altered, andcannot be inappropriately destroyed.

Jock Culture Essay

In 1975, Robert Lipsyte wrote Jock Culture which was in The Sportsmaster. It didnt appear in The Nation until 2011. Analysis will assure the credibility of the examples used by the author to stage his claims. Robert is a sportswriter and a broadcast journalist who is also known for his young adult novels. He was born in 1938 in the Bronx. Throughout his childhood, he wouldve described himself as a puke. He was bullied and felt like an outcast. He earned his Bachelors degree in English from Columbia University at only 19 years of age. He also received his Masters degree in journalism. When Lipsyte was a reporter and writer for The New York Times, he published to a greater extent than 500 columns, & is the author to nearly 30 books. He became a sports commentator for topic Public Radio, an on-air essayist for CBS and NBC, and was even the host of a public television show, The Eleventh Hour, which he won an Emmy for. To this day, Robert continues to write some(prenominal) nonfiction and fiction work. Basic all toldy, Robert is targeting everyone, both jocks and pukes. Judging by his descriptions of jocks, he assumes none would end up reading this article anyway, so is main focus is puke. Jock Culture glorifies the young, the strong and the beautiful, and Lipsyte gets the tragic implications.Although in his article, he describes himself as a puke, it seems as if he would fit better under the jock section. Given the competitive journalism, he probably owes his succeeder as a sports writer in some measure to his own socialization in Jock Culture or whether his socialization into success in those savage precincts renders him now more sympathetic than he would otherwise be to Jock Culture. He goes on to talk about that there are more than just these 2 categories of people or you can fall under both categories. Boys are taught to be tough, stoical, and aggressive, to play hurt, to hit hard, and to win in every aspect of their lives. Jocks could also be pukes though, they have the jock mentality, and the puke work ethic. They come to work sick, they strive to be the best. It goes to show that there can be more than just the 2 groups. Robertdescribes Jock Culture as a danger to the common good, and a distortion of sports. It is fueled by greed and despairing competition. (pg 350) Jock Culture applies the rules of competitive sports to everything. Its to keep the fear of being known as feminine to the others. You want to be known, overall, as the alpha male, or masculine at least. At a young age, most kids are thrown into peewee sports and classified from then on in that point of their lives, as either a jock or puke. Which is where all the horror starts with Jock Culture.As they grow older, it gets worse, in high school, the jocks are looked up too. As if they run low on a throne or are godlike. This what Robert is trying to explain basically in paragraph 7 and 10. It didnt use to be all bad like this with Jock Culture. Sports were a way of be ing taught leadership, teamwork, responsibility, respect, and bravery. Now, it has run low a cockpit of bullying, violence, and a commitment to the win at all costs attitude. Which is why Robert is pushing to show the dangers of what Jock Culture actually does to people, especially at a young age. Pukes get out casted but grow up and become writers or such while jocks, the in group, grow up to be stockbrokers or the like, because of the competitive culture the jobs come with. Overall, Jock Culture is everywhere, and very unmanageable to steer away from. Its a stupid wasteful destructive madness and theres nothing good in it. Lipsyte is right to be worried about the growing dominance seen starting earlier and earlier in young boys, but he has scarcely begun to scratch the surface of the sanatorium of Jock Culture and the impact it makes on earth, and not only our youth, but our adult population as well.

A discourse community and cosmetology Essay

To some pile a cosmetologist may not rush the perfect job. However they sacrifice been around for centuries. Cosmetologists didnt adopt the cite they have today, but they date back to Ancient Egypt, China, Rome, and Greece. Every culture has incorporated beauty into their bothday lifestyle. The surface argona of cosmetology is somewhat of a more broader field than others. Cosmetologists can reconcile to style hair or he/she can chose to incorporate hair, skin, and nails all together. Whatever he/she decides they could most likely get a job anywhere in the world whether it be a celebrity stylist or a small town hairdresser.While a scholar in a Comp 1 class we had an assignment to read John Swales Six Characteristics of a Discourse Community, and after reading it, I realized that in the field of cosmetology we have a few of the main characteristics of a discourse community. We have clear finishs, a particular lexis, inter communion, and certain genres that are used period ical in the hair industry. Methodology As a cosmetologist at Supercuts 80201 I needed to settle out if we were in fact a discourse community. So in between our busy hours I was capable to get a copy of the textual ways of communication.A few of the things I got were color card, wax cards, price list, permission slip, schedule, and a business card. I was able to get an interview with Michele Yancey the manager of Supercuts 80201. I asked her a series of about fifteen questions. I concluded that she was a more experienced cosmetologist and she would be able to take on any challenging task that occurred in the salon. I was also able to observe a fellow co-worker Brandie Fenelon to be a witness of someone practicing great customer service. ResultsAfter observing the salon atmosphere I saw that Supercuts 80201 has all six characteristics of a discourse community. However my research will only cover four of the six characteristics. First, Supercuts 80201 has a broadly hold upon s et of goals that are also the goals of Peak Management, the franchise owner of Supercuts 80201. Some of the goals that I found are keeping the lymph nodes happy at all while with a minimal wait time. Meaning that the manager is to schedule enough stylist for any shift. Another shared goal is to make sure every client gets to experience the 360* cut.Which includes offering a shampoo after the cut and recommend products to take home and Rock the Cut. Another shared goal would be great customer service. Upon observing Brandie Fenelon, my co-worker at Supercuts 80201, she demonstrated the way one should show great customer service. As the client walked thru the admittance she greeted him with a smile, asked for his name, added him into the computer, introduced herself, showed him to his seat, and discussed what service she was going to perform that day. When the client left he was pleased with the 360* service he received. Another shared goal is a fulfilling clientele.Without a la rge clientele we wouldnt have the funds to run an efficient salon/business, and pay for the supplies that are needed to color someones hair or wax someones lip or brows. Second, Supercuts 80201 has certain textual genres. Besides verbally communicating with severally other the cosmetologists at Supercuts 80201 have a few things that have to be done before a color or a waxing service. Before either service the client has to fill out a questionnaire, then the cosmetologist reads over the information to make sure that it is risk-free to perform the service requested.These cards are kept in case the client doesnt sue for malpractice. They are also kept as a record of their history, what the exact color was/is or what they got waxed, and the outcome of the service. preferably of the client getting frustrated we can pull the card and they can initial every time they get a service that requires a signature. The cards also act as a quote for the client making sure the service fits thei r budget. A second way of textual communication is the price list. It is set to make sure the clients are treated fairly and the cosmetologist can make a living.If we didnt have a price list the customer would get confused and wonder why they pay a distinguishable price every time they came to the salon. A third way of textual communication is through e-mail. When corporate decides to have a special they send a detailed e-mail as nearly as a facsimile of everything that is on sale. They also send mass e-mails to every salon to warn them about theft and manipulation of sales tickets and the consequences of the crime. They also send e-mails of encouragement with contests to reward every stylist that gives a 360* experience to every client that walks thru the door.Third, Supercuts 80201 has a certain intercommunication. When a stylist calls Peak Management for help he or she has to decide what person is going to be able to best address their needs. After calling the corporate locati on the person needing help is to record their name, as well as the store name, number, and location. As a larger company we send out invitations to come into out salon and get a percentage or certain dollar amount off of a product, a haircut, or sometimes a color. We also have a schedule that is posted twain weeks in advance.If there is a day that we need off there is a calendar close by so that we can jot work through when and why we can not work that day. Finally, the cosmetologists at Supercuts 80201 have a specific lexis that we use in our discourse community. There are two different types of lexis used in our discourse community. The first one is a spoken lexis that most people wouldnt understand. For example we say things like 1. 5 ounces of 6rv with 10 volume or he wants a fade with finger length on top. Then there is a written lexis, for example, 1/3 7nb, 1/3 7nn, & 1/3 6rb w/ 20 vol. or h/c w/Chelsey.All of the examples are those used everyday in our community. compend After analyzing everything that I had collected, I saw that I have everything that makes the field of cosmetology a discourse community. After reading Ann M. Johns article I answered one of her questions. be there layers of community? (500) As a member of a discourse community I had an assignment to collect certain things for this paper and I did find that there are layers to the community. In our discourse community we have three layer the first universe Regis Corporation, the second being Peak Management, and the third being the individual salons where the stylists work.The Regis Corporation is there for the merchandise we receive and sell. They are also the ones that send the supplies that we order when we are out. Peak Management is the owner of the individual salons. They are the ones who pay for the supplies that are used on a daily basis. Then there are the stylists that work in the salon and keep it going. The goals, textual genres, intercommunication are the same through out the layers of the community, however the lexis is different. A cosmetologist has to go to school to learn hair, but to own a salon you dont have to have the education.Therefore the people of the corporate office are not able to understand the lexis used in the salon. Regis Corporation is there to provide the supplies that are needed for everyday use. They only own the name Supercuts. Peak Management is who is responsible for marketing and the advertisements that are out there. They offer the highest hourly rate as oppose to booth rent or commission. They also set the pay rate and sign the stylists pay check. As well as providing a safe and comfortable atmosphere for their stylists to work in.They also provide the funds for the contests and bonuses that are available to us. The stylists that work for Supercuts also have to supply their own equipment such as clippers, razors, and shears for their clients. We have to provide a little more than Regis Corporation and Peak Management because we are on a level of contact with each person that walk thru the salon door. So if I am not up to my highest potential to perform my job as a stylist I may loose a client. Therefore I have to make sure I give a 360* experience to each client I have in order to insure the security of my job.In my opinion people that join certain communities are joining because they are around people with the same likes and dislikes. The reason I joined the Supercuts 80201 is because I get to have the interaction with people that I enjoy. It gives me the satisfaction of seeing clients walking out with a smile. Conclusion Within this paper you will find four of the six characteristics of a discourse community as defined by John Swales. They represent of clear goals, a particular lexis, intercommunication, and certain genres that make the community I am in a discourse community.I hope I have helped you to understand how a cosmetologist could be classified as a discourse community. As a cosmeto logist I have set goals that I have to go by in order to have my clientele leave happy and come back. Works Cited Swales, John. The Concept of Discourse Community. Writing about Writing A College Reader. By Elizabeth Wardle and Doug Downs. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. 468-79. Print. Johns, Ann M. Discourse Communities and Communities of Practice Membership, Conflict, and Diversity. Text, Role, and Context Developing Academic Literacies. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1997. 500-01. Print.

Information Technology Ethics Issues Article Summary Essay

MessageWith todays advances in technology, software development and usage is paramount. software package connects computers hardware to users. Without software, computers would be useless. Unfortunately due to the complex nature and high demand for many software systems, the prices have sharply risen. A Seattle man, Rex Yang and a few friends decided they could capitalize on this high demand, high price market. To keep their overhead down and maximize on profits, the group chose a less than ethical route.According to an article in Forbes, Yang and the other participants in the software scam worked since 2009, obtaining and selling fraudulent product activation keys for Microsoft and other software programs through e-commerce websites. The participants traded product key codes over email and wired money to each other between different bank accounts. They allegedly operated a serial publication of ecommerce sites, claiming to be selling the product activation keys legally, and receiv ed many cease and desist letters from Microsoft. It is thought the group may have made at least $30 million in profits over the years. That surge in profit from pirated software began to fall apart in 2013.In April 2013, homeland Security Investigation Agents, received a tip that the owner of a company called bundle Slashers was selling counterfeit computer software and DVDs, mostly from China. by means of the investigation, Yangs wrongdoing was uncovered. Although no criminal charges have been filed to date, the process of seizing property has begun. At the end of 2014, HSI Special Agents began seizing bank accounts and assets connected to the pirated software. all over $7 million in liquid assets (as shown in the table below) were takenCASHBITCOINLITECOIN7,000,000105900In addition, the following items were also seizedVehicles, including a PorscheGold and smoothFour Rolex watches (one studded with diamonds)A Diamond ringThe seizure of property is often the first step in these investigations, eventually leading into criminal preceding. Software piracy is taken very seriously in the United States, and companies do not take kindly to others stealing their software and activation codes. This group of wrong individuals will most certainly face a legnthy prison term and possible the liability of restitution.

Play Critique Essay

The bid world discussed in this critique will be Metamorphoses written and originally directed by Mary Zimmerman. The URI sign de subroutinement produced its own version directed by Steven Raider-Ginsburg. It was performed between the dates of February 21-March 3, 2013. Costume design was by David T Howard, Scene design by Patrick Lynch. Lighting design was handled by Christian Wittwer and Sound design was by Michael Hyde. This production shows students continuing their development as actors thru the form of Theatre.Metamorphoses is a play that is staged as a series of vignettes. It was originally based on the poem by the Roman poet Ovid. He uses ancient Hellenic Mythology to explain the events happening in the vignettes. Gods like Poseidon, Hermes Americo Lanni. Or Hades and Midas play by Brandon Gailliard. Zeus and Bacchus were played by Benjamin Hill. Who could forget Aphrodite played by Catherine Poirier.Metamorphoses is not a conventional arrangement and has a non-linear poin t of view. A linear dramatic action may be set as with the avocation steps, one- A dry land of equilibrium, two- An inciting incident, three.- Point of attack of the major dramatic question, four- Rising action, five- Climax, six- Resolution and seven- New state of equilibrium. First one event, then the next and the following one after that and so on and so forth. Metamorphoses does not follow this laid out set of steps and no single analysis brush off make it follow this formula. However each of the separate stories embedded within the play is in itself a well-made play within a play. Each story push aside be comfortably followed and study through a look at the seven parts already established. An example that can easily demonstrate and lay out the structure is the story of Erysichthon described within Metamorphoses.When it comes to the actual production of the play there are several differences between individual performances of this play. The original play was done on water, I understand that would not be possible here. The lighting however did work for most of the play. The one part in particular I didnt like was for the lightning strike, maybe make the lighting fixture in the shape of a lightning bolt? Set design was another area I took particular prudence to during the play. When it got dark in between scenes thats when I knew changes were being made but I can honestly say I never was able to see anyone making changes even though you knew they were there.The window-dress design for this play was also another challenge to create I saw. The play tended to jump a couple centuries at a time with leads to vastly different wardrobe changes. Like in the set-back they were wearing precise basic white sheets, yet underneath you could notice the other layers they would be needing for later. The just however was probably the biggest drawback for this play. Maybe its because the speakers arent the greatest but it seemed at times the peculiar(prenominal) e ffect sounds were quitter than the actors, you couldnt even notice it at times when you were supposed to.Overall this was a very satisfying Theatre performance for me to see. It was my first but probably will not be my last, I look forward to enjoying more.

Same Sex Marriage Essay

Same grammatical gender marriage is the legal joining of 2 people of the kindred gender who be lovingly committed and dedicated to one a nonher, just analogous whatever some other marriage between a reality and a wo homophile. legion(predicate) people atomic number 18 against self same(prenominal) raise marriage because they believe marriage should only be between a man and a woman. However, others believe that marriage between anyone, of any gender, should be allowed because it is a civil right. In the majority of the linked States, there is a limit on the benefits that homo turn onual couples can receive they are some(prenominal) more limited than the benefits many hetero hinge uponual espouse couples enjoy. spousals is a civil right and not allowing people of the same gender to marry is discrimination against individuals due to their arouseual preference. This discrimination is in ask opposition to the constitutions commitment to liberty and equality.Many same elicit couples are deprive of health benefits, spousal life insurance, retirement plans, and the ability to adopt, foster, and/or raise children. former(a) areas affected are taxation brackets and hospital visitation rights. Bi-national families can also be penalized by recognition or non-recognition of same sex marriage. Additional benefits that can be affected are military spouse cans, social security system benefits, and rights to primty and intellectual property. Even homosexuals who are able to exercise these rights that other couples around the nation enjoy, a lot suffer ridicule and questioning of their rights. For example, if a homosexual couple gains the right to be parents, they still whitethorn face an uphill battle to be treated the same at school, in their neighborhood, by other parents, etc. In addition, work discrimination against homosexuals, especially couples who choose to parent, is very common in the United States.There are many positive aspects to allowing same sex marriage. Marriage is shown to capture a correlation to physical and psychological health benefits and depriving gay and lesbian individuals of these benefits could increase the rate of physical and psychological disorders. Marriage between same sex couples would also make it easier for them to adopt children. Doing this would provide a home to more children who currently are in need of a stable home and family or are in foster care. Heterosexual marriages and family values will not be changed, harmed, andor altered with the legalization of same sex marriage, therefore, it is a matter of debate about what is really holding societyagainst same sex marriage. Many people say that traditionally, the institution of marriage is defined as only between a man and a woman and that allowing gay couples to wed could possibly weaken the institution of marriage further. Same sex marriage is also not compatible with the traditions and beliefs of some specific religions.Allowing same s ex marriage could unwrap people and their apparitional affiliations. Many people also argue that extending the right to marry to same sex couples is bad because they can not biologically produce children together and if they did adopt or use an alternative method to conduct children it would provide an unstable household in which the children are raised without the typical and proper motherly and fatherly figures. Sixteen countries since 2000 use up entirely legalized same sex marriage including AR, BE, BR, CA, DK, FR, IS, NS, NZ, NO, PT, ES, SA, SE, The UK, and UY. Parts of Mexico have also legalized same sex marriage. In the United States, only nineteen states have legalized same sex marriage including CA, CT, DE, HI, IL (Illinois same sex marriage law only recently took effect on June 1st, 2014), IA, MA, MD, ME, MN, NH, NM, NJ, NY, OR, PA, RI, VT, and WA (LGBTQ Nation). Same sex marriage has also been legalized in the District of Columbia.Just under fractional of the U.S. p opulation lives in a state that provides some sort of protection for same sex couples where as just under 44% of the U.S. population lives in a state where same sex couples have the freedom to marriage equality (Freedom to Marry). Most states have adopted prohibitions of same sex marriage by adopting language that defines marriage as In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the sound out marriage means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word spouse refers only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife (DOMA). Twenty-nine states have put this language into their constitution ( defining Marriage). At the time DOMA was passed in 1996, the family it was signed by President Clinton, only of the Statesns corroborateed same sex marriage.However, support has grown steadily in America since 1996. Th e DOMA ruling does not require any state to legalize or neck a same sex marriage from another state but, the US government must signalise legal samesex marriages. Among individuals born in 1981 through 1996, 74% support same sex marriage. This is in deep contrast with seniors, of whom only 33% support same sex marriage. Republicans tend to have far lower acceptance of same sex marriage than democrats and independents do (Balanced Politics). In the last 4 years, opinion polls in America reflect a majority of citizens are behind same sex marriage. The percentage of Americans in support had been growing for 10+ years until its first majority in the year 2010. Besides youth, other factors relating to support for same sex marriage are better educated, compliance on the west or northeast coasts, and females. Low levels of support are reported in the Plains, the plenteous South, and Appalachian states.Of Republican voters over age 50, only about state that they are in support of same sex marriage. Some polls of people who live in states that have not legalized same sex marriage reflect that the citizens of those states actually form a majority in support of it. Other groups who are noted for being in majority support are Catholics, Jews, and people with no religious affiliation. In 2008, Voters in California passed proposition 8 by a margin of only 52% to 48%. Two federal courts declared it unconstitutional and in 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that the appellants had no standing in the suit. Proposition 8 was created by opponents of same sex marriage and put on the ballot along with the election of 2008. It sparked protests all over the United States.It was upheld in California courts but strike down by federal courts. Ultimately, the US Supreme Court ruled that the federal courts had aired. Same sex marriage was to resume almost immediately. In may 2012, President Barack Obama became the first US president to support same sex marriage. He appeared in several interviews on the subject a turning daub was when he stated At a certain point, Ive just concluded that for me personally, it is important for me to go ahead and affirm that I conceive of same sex couples should be able to get married (CNN). Later the same year, he called a news conference at which he stated My baseline is a strong civil union that provides them same sex spouses the protections and the legal rights that married couples have and I think thats the right thing to do (WTOP).Works Cited19 States with Legal Gay Marriage and 31 States with Same-Sex Marriage Bans Gay Marriage ProCon.org. ProConorg Headlines. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2014. . BalancedPolitics.org Same Sex Marriages (Pros & Cons, Arguments For and Against, Advantages & Disadvantages). BalancedPolitics.org Same Sex Marriages (Pros & Cons, Arguments For and Against, Advantages & Disadvantages). N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2014. . Defense of Marriage Act One Hundred Fourth Congress of the United States of America AT THE SECOND SESSION. gpo.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 1930. . Defining Marriage State Defense of Marriage Laws and Same-Sex Marriage. Defining Marriage State Defense of Marriage Laws and Same-Sex Marriage. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2014. . Freedom to Marry. Freedom to Marry. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2014. . Gast, Phil, Jessica Yellin, Bill Mears, Dan Gilgoff, and Jim Acosta. Obama announces he supports same-sex marriage. CNN. Cable News Network, 1 Jan. 1970. Web. 30 May 2014. . Marriage Equality. LGBTQ Nation RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2014. .Moats, David. Civil wars a battle for gay marriage. Orlando Harcourt, 2004. Print. Obama quotes on same-sex marriage. WTOP.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 May 2014. .

Mountain Top Removal

November 2010 Solution Eight Letters, One word, Mountaintop Removal Mountaintop remotion although only eighteen earn and a mere two words provides endless opportunities for hard working Americans. The world is now completely(a) about efficiency and convenience. Society works as a machine, and each machine needs raise to work. For Kentuckians, the fuel is Coal. The economy of Kentucky centers around coal. It not only gives hard working Americans a safe purlieu to work in but provides jobs, and stable economy for our nation.When compared to the rest of the world America has always had a strong economy. However America is currently in a state of recession. Politicians, cabinet members and economists are always trying to bring our great nation back into a state of equilibrium concerning monetary flow. Mountaintop removal is one way to achieve this. Areas which are abundant in coal are blessed with quadruple lucrative opportunities which benefit not only the communities economy bu t the Nations, as well.Mine Safety is one amour that is extremely misunderstood. There is a lot of controversy, about mine safety regulations. But, the law is that MTR is statistically the safest framing of mining. Compare MTR to underground mining. Underground Mining deep within the earth, hollow shafts, narrow tunnels, darkness all around, the fear that the mine may collapse at any time VS. MTR Employees are above ground, go for state of the art technology to help with safety protocol, and Mine collapsing isnt a fear employees dumbfound to worry about.Jobs, something that loyal Americans are fighting for in the savage Job market. Mountain top removal offers long term jobs which also helps the economy. A fact, most people dont know is that for all miner employed through MTR three new jobs are created. Thus, helping employment rates go up and keeping our economy running. Americans need jobs and through MTR we can make that happen. Mountain top removal eighteen letters, three w ords, endless opportunities. Coal four letters, one word, keeps the lights on.Although Opponents to MTR claim that it hurts the environment, creates a fair-weather economy, and is unsafe for its workers the truth is, MTR creates an almost identical landscape after reclamation, it continues to provides jobs even when the coal is gone and has been proven to be statistically safer than underground mining. Although the perspectives about MTR will continue to vary it is a lifestyle millions have adapted to already. Without MTR millions would be unemployed, the oven that makes our thanksgiving turkey would not work, a child wouldnt have the electricity to read his or her first book.MTR is a permanent way to fix our problems. Kentucky is more than just a geographic state, its a state of mind and a state of heart and without MTR it would wither away into a unvarying end.Works Cited The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, 2010. Web. Date of access. Reece Erik , . Lost Mountain . New York Riv erhead, 2006. Print. Kitts, Gene. The dance Gazette. Charleston Charleston Gazette, 2008. Print. Lemon, Eric. http//www. marshall. edu/cber/media/010420-DA-mountain. pdf. Charleston Athenaeum, 2001. Print.

Cultural imperialism

This concept of cultural Imperialism is the argument that a large bulk of media products flow from the West, especi whollyy the unify States, and so berthfully shape the cultures of some a nonher(prenominal) nations that they amount to a cultural form of domination (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan spot 8298).In this essay I will explain whether or non this concept provides a useful fabric to understand global media, what the strengths and weaknesses are, and will provide example from ll aspects of this concept Cultural Imperialism is the extension of a countries power and influence on many other nations through, in this case, media production. Western corporations embed values and images of Western baseball club in the media products sold. The United States has, for many years, been the most dominant nation when it comes to media and the production of media.American films and music dominates the worlds media and could be represent in almost e very(prenominal) country. There Is n o denying the overwhelming presence that U. S. culture has in other countries. American television, films, and music are common In most societies across the globe. (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan Location 8298). For an example, you dont see many artists from Spain coming to the united States on tour and performing at Madison Square Garden.However, you do begin many artists from America (most of the main artists), like Pitbull and Miley Cyrus, going on tour in almost every continent. For example, global music stars such as Michael Jackson and Lady Gaga were sufficient to sell albums irrespective of linguistic differences. (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan Location 8298). There is a big undercoat why this cultural imperialism lies in the hands of the United States. That is because of the substantial work outs that the U. S projects have.This concept provides a useful framework to understand global media. Since the U. S. has all of this money from the constant consumption of their product, they have the money to afford technological Innovation. All these things are very expensive to produce more expensive than most non-U. S. production studios can afford. (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan Location 8433). One reason why some U. S. media products have been so successful is that U. S. projects tend to have substantial budgets, resulting in very creative and attractive production values.Therefore, since some nations simply do not have the resources to develop the stem necessary to produce high-quality media products, like the ones produced in the U. S. , it is basically cheaper to buy U. S. made products to produce their own, which yet once more leaves the U. S as the dominant media producer. However, there are a few weaknesses with the limitations of cultural imperialism. These limitations are 1) It does not distinguish different types of media. U. S. products dominate sectors, such as the movie Industry, while other media continue to be mostly local anaesthetic, such as p rint. ) It assumes a passive audience, which means that we do not know If the other countries are Interpreting U. S. media products differently or as Intended by the media. 3) underestimates the role played by local media producers. Locally produced media content, flnely attuned to local culture, tends to De enormously popular. Local producers nave In some cases successTully competed ith the global media companies by providing local alternatives that distinguish themselves from international media fare. The biggest example of a vibrant film industry outside of the West is not new at all. Bollywood, the section of the Indian film industry specializing in Hindi-language films, is based in Mumbai and dates tail end to the silent film era of the early 20th century. (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan Location 8419). In conclusion, cultural imperialism is the extension of a countries power and influence on many other nations through, in this case, media production, which is ominated by the U. S.Since they have the substantial budget to effective create new technological inventions and continuously creating the highest profitable films and music, no other country is able to compete. The basic argument of the cultural imperialism thesis was that Western media products introduced into other countries, especially developing countries, contributed to a slide down in local traditional values and promoted, instead, values associated with capitalism. (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan Location 6322)

Managerial Functions

The focussing functions according to Henry Fayol be visualisening, decision-making, communication, organizing, leadership, motivation, supremacy and coordination. These functions are important for all types of nerve whether it is small, medium or largeOr whether they are private or public organizations. The success or failure of any organization is primarily depends on how effective these functions are carried out in an organization. This particularly true in the current dynamic economic, technological. Social and political climate of the 21st century. In addition it is becoming very vital the success or failure depends on how the higher up film setorial functions are carried out in a global economic environment and challenges of environmental issues and climate change.The scattering concentrate on of Walmat serves 120 stores and it is a hub, which ensures the stores have the correct products with appropriate quality and as surface it ensures the stocks, arrives at store s in time and there is an adequate stock to serve the customers in the respective stores where the scattering meaning is responsible. Say I am operateing as a Supervisor for a section, which is responsible to the distribution to Super Centers in a given area. I am directly responsible to the Distribution center chief manager.The planning function gives an organization direction and sets the objectives as an organization as a only and also objectives for the sub-units. It also is a tool to use limited resources to use effectively and efficiently and recoil waste so that theorganization is competitive and stands the goals consistently in the short and in the long term. In this regard as a Supervisor I have to schedule the day to day work load and have a contingency plan if some supply do not have intercourse in a day and how I can reschedule the activities so that I can stir the deadlines and ensure the stocks arrives at the Super centerIn time. In this manner I have to pl an activities and implement the plan on a day-to-day basis to meet the objectives of the Distribution center my responsibilities in conformism with procedures and policies of the center and the directions of my manager.Decision-making refers to the question of what to produce, how to produce, when to produce, how to distribute to plan, organize and keep activities. As a Supervisor forSuper centers I have to allot stave for different activities and I have to make decisions regarding the allocation of staff, As well to schedule tasks I have decide the how I can control the workflow with limited interruptions and improve the time taken for each activity as well to make decisions the time of processing the orders from the Super Center. As well I have to arrange and use transport to deliver the stocks to the Super center and decide the timing and the type of transport needed. That is I have to make decisions in regards to planning, organizing, control and motivate staff to meet dea dlines and ensure a smooth workflow with little interruptions.In any organization the organization uses capital, natural resources and above all human resources or manpower to convert raw materials in to value added products. Toaccomplish this the organization essential farm the appropriate people in terms of skill, personality and values congruous with the organization, gear mechanism them if necessary to upgrade skills, motivate them to use their maximum potential by directing intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors.As a supervisor I have to ensure adequate staff to perform the activities monitoring the take aim for each activity and inform the chief manager on a regular basis to recruit staff for a particular area of work and inform the manager the training needs of staff if identified any inadequacies of their skills observed and in performance evaluations and recommend staff for promotion to the chief manager of the Distribution center. managers have to communicat e with inseparable staff above them and below them as well as to external bodies. In my day-to-day work I have to communicate with my staff to motivate and to direct them and allocate the resources they need to perform their tasks as well have to communicate and report the progress of my section to the chief manager in written form in accordance with procedures and policies.I have to deal by word of mouth and writing with the suppliers and with the Super Center to plan and control activities to ensure the schedules are alterationd and activities are shake up and the work processes and the logistics in the Distribution Center is reengineered to improve efficiency in consultation with my chief Manager inwardly my work responsibilities.Organization means the organizational structure such as Authority and responsibility, line of communication, internal control systems, decision-making mechanisms, and logisticsTechnological and information system infrastructure, management culture a nd style, types and number of divisions and departments, levels of management, procedures and policies regarding particular activities which are routine by nature as well as General code of conduct and policies relating to human resource management and separate important functions.As a Supervisor I must know my Distribution center organizational structure and how it fits with Wal Mart so that I can work and know how my work is related with different divisions inwardly the center and know the computer and other internal control systems to work in accordance with such procedures and to enable to use decision-making mechanism tolls computer and other tolls to plan and organize and control activities inwardly my responsibility and to report in accordance with the chain of command and to go beyond my official berth without prior permission.As well I have to organize activities by allocating tasks to my staff and ensure they work in accordance with procedures and policies applicable to their work and apply my managerial style compatible with my staff profile and compatible with the managerial style of my Chief Manager and with the Wal marts managerial style acceptable to the management culture.Motivation is an important and Byzantine function of management in all levels including the low level management. Motivation means providing appropriate incentives fiscal and non-monetary rejoin systems to maximize the use of the potential of all staff.Have a performance evaluation system to enhance performance and provide carrier opportunity to staff, which has the initiative, ambition, skill and appropriate values personality, which is compatible with the organizational culture. As a Supervisor as discussed above I have to understand the complexity of motivation and must identify the motivational factors and provide incentives and give meaningful tasks to staff to motivatethem to perform and use their rich potential and to retain skilled staff which is a scarce reso urce and vital for the competitive raciness of the organization as a hale.Managers also must show leadership qualities such as intimacy providers, mentors and facilitators for the staff working for them and to harness their skill and upgrade their skilland shape behavior so that the staff meets the goals of the organization not goals that are not compatible organizational goals as a whole. As mentioned above as a Supervisor I allow for act as a role model, a mentor a facilitator and a knowledge provider and unceasingly triesto upgrade there energy level in a high level and maintain them so that their effort levelis high and their morale is high.Coordination is necessary to work with other divisions and with external clients to meet the goals set for the Distribution Center with the Overall Objectives of Wal mart. As a Supervisor I have to coordinate with suppliers, with other divisions with the Distribution center to plan and control activities to maximize the efficiency of th e distribution center not by unit alone in the expense of the distribution center but also add value to the Wal mart as a whole as I acknowledge different divisions may have different objectives andthey are not always compatible and one has to strike a balance between technical objectives, human objectives, sales objectives and speak to objectives to plan and control activities.Control processes are important as it gives feedback on the results of operations to the managers in the form of reports three-figure and qualitative or regular feedback to managers immediately above on a regular basis so that they can adjust the plan or improve the processes and control cost and rectify weaknesses in running(a) efficiencyand innovate new products on a continuous basis to survive and grow in the short and n the long term.As a Supervisor for Super enter delivery I will give feedback on how to improve efficiency by improving work processes and system and application of engineering and better decision making and information system within the organizationas well pass water reports in accordance with procedures to measure the performance of the Divisions to control cost and to improve productivity and innovation within the distribution center.The Chief manager of the Distribution center has to plan for the operation as whole and revise plans based on the feedback from the divisional managers and have to plan for capital expenditure and investment decisions which will improve efficiency within the budget and also plan for man power and budget for expenditures and logistic plans withinthe distribution center. In staffing the chief manager has to make decisions of the beaver method to recruit staff, best reward system, promotional policies and assessment systemstraining of staff.In relation to decision making he has to make decisions how to plan effectively using technology and other methods, determine best logistic planning and scheduling the activities, cost control meth ods, make decisions as how to control quality and quality control processes and systems, how to motivate staff, effective methods of coordination of different systems, best feedback mechanism and frequency, appropriate management style.He has to communicate with finance department, Information technology department, suppliers and stores he is responsible and with other distribution center managers on a regular basis as well as with divisional managers and staff. In controlling activities he must establish feedback mechanism and regular reports to identify problem areas and to identify causes and improve efficiency of the processes and systems and to improve the performance to meet the objectives of the Distribution center.In motivating staff he must identify the intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors and provide incentives and by enhancing the work of staff and supervisors and providing meaningful work. As the external environment is dynamic and in a global economic environmen t the Walmart must make out more(prenominal) adaptable and there fore the work and duties of all management will become more complex and they must revise their systems and processes on a faster face than ever before and must become a team oriented organization than functional and become more flexible in their work practices in the future.BibliographyCarrol.Archie.B. (1993), Three Types of management Planning Making Organization Work, Management Quarterly, 34, 1, Retrieved February, 15, 2007, from http//www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002194623Divisions (n.d) Retrieved February, 15, 2007, fromhttp//corporate.walmart.com/?id=10Korman.Abraham. K & Kroat.Allen.I. (1999) Evolving practices in Human Resource Management Responses To a Changing World, London Manel (ed), Retrieved February, 15, 2007 from https//www.questia.com/ claim/107266673/evolving-practices-in-human-resource-managementSchirmer.F. (2002), Lower-Level and Middle-Level Management as the Recipients and Actors of Human Resou rce Mnagement & Organization, International Studies of Management, Retrieved 15, 2007 from https//www.questia.com/read/5000141068