Establish and adjust the marketing mix Essay

Promotions are not just aimed at increasing usage of the products. Followings are five other specific promotional aims. Sales Growth There have two term of campaigns, long term and short term campaigns. In a short-term, the main aim would be to drive revenues or cash flow, it also trigger the buyer actions. In the long-term campaign, the main aim would be intended to lead optimized profit margins. Especially for a new business they might aim to build a customer base in order to cover new start-up business costs and maintain a sustainable business. For the established companies, their aim would be to generate more business during slow or off season periods, and to expand the business into the newer markets. Brand Recognition One of the most popular promotional objectives would be building or maintaining brand recognition. The objective is to let customers or people know and well recognized your brand logo, other symbols or characters. Customers identify it with your company and hopefully associated with good impression to it, this might lead to customers will advertise our brand to his/her friends. It also gives people something to remember you by , that helps the business stand out even more. Understanding and connecting with the image of your brand is critical to long-term customer’s loyalty and profits. Purchase Intent As customers become more familiar with your brand, the next stage is to motivate purchase intent. The goal is to eliminate, neutralize or blocks the efforts of competitors to grab market share. You need to lure customers away from aggressive competitors. Promotional activities can be used such as refreshing trial use, encouraging existing customers to consume more quantity it occurs when customers are satisfied and can see no reason to buy  form another company and more frequency and getting customers to switch from competing options. Some customers are so satisfied with your services they cannot imagine shopping somewhere else A variety of promotional tools are used in this endeavor, including free trial offers or first-time buyer discounts Create Awareness Increased market awareness is a primary promotional objective. A mature product that is providing something new such as a product improvement or enhancement can also turn to promotion. A product that’s new to the marketplace will need promotion to be introduced to consumers. In all these cases, the objective is to make noise in the market that results in sales. Goodwill One ongoing objective of companies is to promote goodwill with the public and also public relation campaign. Staying active in community activities and giving to charities are common promotional tools with public relationship. Coinciding with building and maintaining goodwill, public relationship and other promotional campaigns are sometimes used to combat negative publicity already festering. Wal-Mart often uses advertising to promote positive attributes of the company in the face of criticism for some of its business practices.

Research Paper on Drug Use Essay

Drug use in today’s society is something that has become too common. We have a large percentage of our population using drugs for numerous reasons. The stresses of our fast paced lives can be the reason we need drugs to keep up. We sometime take these drugs with out thinking of the future consequences and risk that might be attached to them. We have to teach society of the dangers of drugs and the treatment available to quit using. We have too many people using drugs in our society today. â€Å"In 1996, 50. % of high school seniors had used some illegal drug at some time during their life, 40. 2% during the previous year, and 24. 6% during the previous month. † This shows that at least half of the senior class in high schools use or have use drugs. These numbers are from 1996 from then to now the number has grown drastically. If these people are using drugs as seniors it most evident that they will use drugs after high school. â€Å"A 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health showed that among all youths aged 12 to 17, 6% had tried prescription drugs for recreational use in the last month. Kids as young as 12 years old are using prescription drugs to get high this tell me that their parent are to busy to supervising them or just don’t care enough to prevent them from doing so. If teenagers can use the drugs they have at home to get high how are we supposed to prevent them from using them? People don’t use drugs simply for the fact to get high, but also to cope with problems in their lives. When someone uses drugs to deal with the stresses of the everyday life it is easier to develop an addiction to the drug. A study based on a sample of 20,291 individuals drawn from the community at large found that more than half of those who met the medical criteria for diagnosis as drug abusers also suffered from one or more mental disorders at some point during their lifetime. This included 28% with anxiety disorders, 26% with mood disorders (depression), 18% with antisocial personality disorder, and 7% with schizophrenia. Some had multiple disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders varied with the drug being abused, ranging from 50% of marijuana abusers to 76% of those who abused cocaine. Almost half of the drug abusers also suffered from alcohol abuse at some point during their lifetime. † People don’t only use drugs get high or deal with the stresses of life, but also to deal with the problems with in them. People use drugs to cope with their anxieties, depression and schizophrenia. With the drugs the people feel that the disorder they have does not exist. They believe that they are everyone else and there is nothing wrong with them. â€Å"Initial low-level involvement with drugs may result from peer pressure, drug availability or other risk factors in an individual’s social or family environment. Many individuals use drugs to fit in with friends or to be excepted by a crowd of higher popularity than them. This happens a lot in high school with younger students being pressured by upper classmen. People sometime do things without thinking about the repercussions of their actions. â€Å"Some people think that prescription drugs are safer and less addictive than street drugs†¦. But prescription drugs are only safe for the individuals who actually have prescriptions for them. That’s because a doctor has examined these people and prescribed the right dose of medication for a specific medical condition. The doctor has also told them exactly how they should take the medicine, including things to avoid while taking the drug — such as drinking alcohol, smoking, or taking other medications. They also are aware of potentially dangerous side effects and can monitor patients closely for these. † Someone might take someone else’s prescription drug with alcohol not knowing that there could serious risk in doing so. For a childish mistake like mix the wrong prescriptions together a person can dead. â€Å"Whether they’re using street drugs or medications, drug abusers often have trouble at school, at home, with friends, or with the law. The likelihood that someone will commit a crime, be a victim of a crime, or have an accident is higher when that person is abusing drugs — no matter whether those drugs are medications or street drugs. † There more consequences to using drugs then just the health risk. You can be arrested for using another persons prescriptions just you can for using street drugs. Some prescription drugs such as opioids can make you hallucinate. This becomes dangerous because the person under the influence of the drug can be driving a vehicle and cause an accident putting their life and others around them in danger. 17,000 people die from all illicit drug use, Direct and Indirect a year. 7,600 people die from Non- Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Such As Aspirin a year. † People don’t realize how many people actually die from drug abuse until they see the numbers. People need to think before taking drugs an realize that every action has its consequences. If your using drugs do it for the right reason not to get high to forget your problem. You might get rid of your troubles for a short amount of time but they be back when your sober. Drugs can either help you or hurt you, but you have to decide.

Look at the upload file the article title is Smarter Grids are More Essay

Look at the upload file the article title is Smarter Grids are More Efficient - Essay Example Modelling of real time information and online system that provides optimized and coordinated control for unbalanced disribution networks occurs. Indeed, electricity distribution companies save energy by maximising energy delivery effieciencies. WO optimizes resources that are highly reactive and voltage control capabilities. There is consumption of thousands of billions of kilowatt-hours as evident in 3.1% yearly increase between 1980-2006. 10% of electric energy from power plants is lost in show and allotment processes. 40% of losses occur on developed distribution networks evident in 2006 when there was a 655 billion kWh energy loss in distribution. Peak demand in a system lasts less than 5% of the time, therefore this potential can be utilized during peak load hours. Electricity distribution network moves energy from substations to consumers because the network includes; medium voltage power, substation transformers and pole-pad mounted transformers. Most energy loss which occur on distribution is ohmic loss resulting from currents of electricity which flow through condutors. Reactive power compensation devices are designed to reduce unproductive components of current. Voltage regulating devices are usually installed at the substation and on feeders with the intent of adjusting the feed voltage. However, fixing of transformers that consist of tap changers named voltage regulator often occurs. Loss occurs due to resistance in conductors, which is determined by resistability of material used to make cross-sectional areas. In saving electric energy, regulation is achieved in accordance to measurementswhich are locally available. There ought to be control strategies that are comprehensively evaluated to establish feeders that could be regulated with multiple voltages. More percentages of electricity are saved when var compensation devises are used. In addition, the use of substation automation system or management systems that deal with

NO topic - But it's a subject about URBAN PLANNING Essay

NO topic - But it's a subject about URBAN PLANNING - Essay Example This paper will look into transportation planning, growth management, defense privileges, structural unemployment and its importance for local economic development, challenges to regional planning, and the planning differences between the USA and other nations. Transportation facilitates the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It also controls the growth and economic patterns by facilitating land access. Transportation planning identifies the vital relationship between transportation and other societal objectives. Many urban areas are faced with the problem of traffic congestion. The extensive freeways may provide different collector and express paths to split through traffic from narrow traffic, or individual high-tenure vehicle paths, either as a distinct control on the innermost road or a split roadway, to facilitate easy movement. Induced demand is brought about by reduction in the efficient transport cost instigated by the new infrastructure making movement more suitable. Trucks make up for about 10% of motor vehicles on the road. Trucks are essential to the economy and welfare of society. Business is dictated by trucking, and the logistics sector specifically relies on road transport for picking up commodities and delivering them. Other than pickup and delivery, the truck provides’ other services such as fire protection and snow removal. Growth management refers to methods utilized by the government to make certain that as the population increases their requirements are fulfilled through set up services. The services not only encompass those provided by the government. Other requirements such as the preservation of the natural environment, provision of proper and affordable facilities for accommodation and housing, deliverance of services, maintenance of monuments and museums and creation of spaces for undertaking business

Marketing Metrics for UK-based SME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Metrics for UK-based SME - Essay Example As the essay declares The metric can evaluate marketing effectiveness at a strategic level. It involves assessment on the key strategies that a company has adopted and measuring individual performances in achieving marketing objectives. An example is whether the company has adopted effective price strategy and effective distribution channels. This paper declares that the metric measurement assesses and evaluates the levels of customer’s perceptions on the goods and products of the company. This is determined by the quality of the service that a company offers to its clients and customers. Brand awareness will indicate how effective the marketing program in reaching out the larger mass audience in the long run. This metric provides the dominance and the market share that a company holds. This measure is vital in achieving the marketing objective goals therefore its assessment will enable the company to know if the applied approach can deliver the objective. Evoked set of model comprises of a pool of alternatives that consumer has when making decisions also known as consideration set. With the knowledge of available large number of products and brands consumers considers only a few to acquire at any given time. It is important for any marketing communication campaign to target determine the products and brands within evoked set before it is carried out. Consumers include brands in an evoked model through recognition in the marketing environment thus marketing communications can determine the evoked sets through brand awareness campaigns. Secondly is recalling of a product which is memory based which depend on consumer’s ability to recall brands marketing communication messages. The two can be summarized as stimulus-based attributed by brand recognition familiarity and in memory-based which is attributed by brand recall, all leading into inclusion in an evoked set model of a consumer where all are key important aspects in advertising and communication campaigns Brand familiarity and recognition Marketing communication campaigns mainly involves brand awareness and recognition to influence and induce consumers to purchase the brand. This implies that marketing communication campaign may influence a consumer in considering a brand in the evoked set. This depends on the marketing communicatio n encoded information thus resulting into a consumer discriminating on brand over the other. Brand recall This is important in considering a product in an evoked model where a marketing communication campaign conveys a promotional message which encodes in consumers mind. This is recalled during the consideration of brands to include in an evoked model.

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Immigration - Essay Example Wood (2004) sees domestic violence as a ‘crime that does not recognize racial, cultural, or socioeconomic barriers’. In brief, economic, cultural or political development of a given community does not automatically ensure the protection of the rights of women against being the victims of various types of gendered violence. Although domestic violence and other types of violence on women are prevalent among almost all the social groups, its nature and degree are different from community to community. Thus, the violence on immigrant women is so rampant and involves issues and concerns that are radically different from those pertaining to other social sections. It means that the social settings in which an immigrant woman is uniquely placed makes her more vulnerable for being the victim of various types and degrees of sexual and gendered violence than other sections of women citizenry. In addition, the conditions of undocumented immigrant women are even more exploitative and oppressive as they are systemically exempted from the cover of the law of the land. The introduction of Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) in 1994 has marked a turning point on the legal debate over the issue of increasing violence on immigrant women and its social consequences. The merits and drawbacks of the VAWA are on the focus of attention since its very introduction. Demands for amendments to the VAWA have been raised from around the corners for not only making it more effective but also casting off its perceived and real ills. Even, it is possible to identify a ‘VAWA discourse on the violence on immigrant women’ that encompasses almost all the possible aspects of the concerns pertaining to the human rights of immigrant women. The purpose of this paper is to overview the issues of immigration and the violence on immigrant women and analyzes it as a policy matter that must address unique social, political, economic, and cultural factors and include

MGT Leadership and Ethics Unit 1 IP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MGT Leadership and Ethics Unit 1 IP - Essay Example It is vital to note that during their day to day responsibilities, leaders make changes that would enhance their performance as well as the productivity of other employees. Such changes are not always acceptable to the employees or other managers. In this regard, a good leader should be in a position to address the challenges that arise from the organizational changes. One of the major ways of enhancing the productivity of the work force and increasing the profitability is by creating a culture of team work. Despite, the efforts by the CEO of one of my client organization to improve the performance of his firm, he is faced by resistance from some managers and employees. This paper seeks to analyze the situation and recommend the CEO on the steps to take. One of the major strategies that the CEO should emulate in order to effectively deal with the situation is to hold in-house meetings with his employees and educate them on the importance of team work. It is vital to note that some of the employees are not resisting the formation of teams not because they do want the idea but because they do not understand their relevance. One of the advantages of team work is that it results to the improved working relationship that enables employees to assist each other when faced with challenges. Additionally, team allows individuals to exercise their leadership qualities an aspect that provides them with opportunities to be promoted to senior level of management. The CEO should also engage with the employees during the formation of the team in order for each of the employee to feel comfortable. According to Nahavandi (2006), communicating with the employees and the managers is one of the initial strategies that the leader should adopt. In any organization, leading and managing are different aspects. While leading entails organizing the team members in order to attain the objectives of an organization, managing implies directing and giving instructions that should be strictly followed by the members of the team. Leading process is all inclusive where employees are free to provide their ideas to the leaders and the leaders can consult their team on certain issues. On the other hand, managing process does not allow for close intermingling between the managers and his or her teams. In his efforts to create a team-based empowered organization, the CEO is trying to lead his change initiative. As an experienced leader, he has noticed that there is lack of participation in the organization an aspect that other managers cannot detect. Contrary to the command and control style that other managers are adopting towards the employees, the CEO is focused at serving his customers effectively. In their studies on leadership in organizations Den and Koopman (2002), argues that a good leader should be focused at improving the productivity of his followers not by use of unquestionable instructions but by the use of all inclusive engagements with his followers. Based on t he resistance that the mangers are providing, the CEO can use different arguments to preside the managers. The CEO should advise the managers to resist from using the dictatorial style of management. This is based on the fact that apart from limiting the productivity and growth of the employees, the firm will not effectively compete with other firms that have now turned into team works. Similarly, the CEO should encourage the managers to emulate team work based

1500-1834 in England women an dependent children how their needs were Essay

1500-1834 in England women an dependent children how their needs were met including the Elizabethan Poor Laws and the Poor Law Reforms of 1834 - Essay Example Private benefactors would also leave wills to establish almshouses that provided shelter for women and dependent children. However, the growing numbers of the population that required such services soon overwhelmed individual philanthropy, hence the need of a series of Acts to address their needs. The Poor Relief Act 1601 (or the Elizabethan Poor Law) formalized previous practices of the distribution of poor relief in England and Wales. Previously, poor women and dependent children were catered for by the decentralized parish as an administrative unit, but the new law was more of a correction than punishing system for the targeted population (Day, 2013). However, the population was growing faster than the available resources could handle and it was argued that many women opted to for the pleasant option of claiming relief rather than working to earn. Further, the â€Å"iron law of wages† also argued that the aid provided under the Elizabethan Poor Law undermined workersâ€℠¢ wages as employers reduced their pay yet the workers who did not receive the aid needed protection. This led to the Poor Law Amendment of 1834 that replaced the 1601 law. The rationale of this law was that people who could not work were to be taken care of in almshouses while the poor but able-bodied were to work for pay in a House of Industry. Children dependent on the poor women would become

Quality Improvement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quality Improvement - Research Paper Example The foundational frameworks of quality improvement include Quality Circles (where a group of employees interact to identify and resolve problems to ensure quality), Sig Sigma (which is about ensuring high quality and attaining cost-efficiency), Benchmarking (when a company compares its products or services against competitors’ market offerings), Reduced Cycled Time (complete business process in shortest possible time) and Continuous Improvement ( process and product innovation to ensure differentiation and high quality premium products). There are differences among the definitions given by healthcare stakeholders such as Managers, Clinicians, Patients, Industry analysts and Human research specialists because of personal experiences, attitudes, behaviors, education, past experiences, skills and lifestyles. Indeed, a patient if provided all major healthcare services under one-roof in a center will express that quality of healthcare is higher. Similarly, the professionals and clinicians will express improvement in quality only when they observe any developments and advancements in technology or computerized systems, increase in facilities within a center or hospital and improvements in immediate or emergency services all across the country etc. The reason behind it is the fact that computerized systems help in accurate diagnose that in turn improves quality of services provided to patients. Similarly, more facilities at healthcare centers and emergence of new centres enhance the reach thereby enabling customers to cons ult any nearby center for healthcare. Quality improvement is not only been adopted by core profit-maximizing business enterprises but also in Healthcare industry. The reason being the fact that top quality to patients by clinicians, physicians and others etc. will result in alleviating threats of major chronic and acute illnesses that in turn will reduce financial burden on government and concerned authorities.

Chicago-style pizza Essay Example for Free

Chicago-style pizza Essay Pizza is a very common food Item you can find anywhere in New York, it can provide a quick fix if you are hungry but it can also have another purpose. The two most commonly found would be thesis Deep dish1 and New York style2 pizza but I believe the best pizza is home made3 since to me it promotes family togetherness. There are specialties shops like UNO’s that prepare pizza â€Å"Chicago style† which is basically deep dish pizza and has a thicker crust. Deno/des I find the pizza to be doughy and personally I am not too fond of chunky tomatoes in my sauce. In my opinion it seems to fill the pizza more than anything else. Pizza hut and Dominos also provides a deep dish option made differently without the chunky tomato sauce that I find more appealing to my taste that is not Chicago style. While they all can be a family night out for dinner this can at times become routine and boring. The common pizza shop makes a typical pizza pie we are all used to in New York, the â€Å"slice†. deno/des Some make pizza soggy, crunchy, or oily we all have our preferences and typically are drawn to those shops that make it the way we like it. This to me is a quick sit down lunch or dinner with your family, children or child then you are off again to continue your activities. There is no fun to it just becomes routine to grab a quick bite and carry on. In my opinion my personal favorite is making it at home with fresh dough purchased at my local supermarket. Deno/des My daughter helps roll out the dough on the pizza pan with a little flour so it does not stick to the pan. She also helps me shred the mozzarella cheese constantly reminding me to watch my fingers as to not get cut on the shredder. My three year old has already mastered putting the sauce on the pizza, sauce out of the can that is. We place it in the oven and wait. I have to say the bonding that takes place making pizza is priceless and the pizza we create is better than anything you can find anywhere in NYC. This also reminds me of my own childhood making pizza in the same manner with my father, these are the memories you carry on forever. To this day the pizza I made with my father only comes second to the pizza I make with my daughter. Des In conclusion I believe being a single parent myself and raising my 3 year old little girl, I would prefer making homemade pizza. The bonding that comes from the interaction of making a pizza with my daughter from scratch brings back memories of when I was a child making pizza with my parents. Those memories are everlasting. To those who do not have such memories or traditions this is an opportunity to create them while creating memories your child will always remember. The bonding and togetherness from this interaction with your child is something you cannot get from going to your local pizzeria.

Galtung And Ruges News Values Model

Galtung And Ruges News Values Model It is an often asked question, how does a journalist prioritise the selection of news stories. An academic view to perceiving the process of how a news journalist prioritises the selection of contemporary news is Gaulten and Ruges study The structure of foreign news. This study can be found in the Journal of International Peace Research in 1965. I think overall that, Galtung and Ruges news values model needs to be adapted slightly in order to capture the priorities of contemporary news journalism. For the next part of my essay I will discuss the original 1960s model and identify its concepts. The pair conducted a study which looked at foreign newspapers and specifically at foreign news. According to Harcup and ONeill (2001) The central question at the heart of their paper was how do events (especially, foreign events in their case) become news? They researched what foreign newspapers featured on other world news and found the stories were more likely to be featured in the newspaper if they contained the news values of negativity, threshold, proximity, frequency, unambiguity, consonance, unexpectedness, continuity, meaningfulness, composition and reference to elite nations and elite persons. Generally speaking, news values of a story are based on what relevance and effect a story has on its audience, in other words its newsworthiness. The greater the relevance and effect on the audience, (the higher number of news values the story contains) makes the story more of a priority in the news journalism world. Palmer, cited in Harcup and ONeill (2001) stated that Galtung and Ruges study was the earliest attempt to provide a systematic definition of newsworthiness. The story could be based on absolutely anything, from focusing on an individual, to a running story or be totally unexpected etc. However, not all news stories are newsworthy. Stories that are seen as a priority in contemporary news journalism are usually those to do with politics, human interest and disasters etc. A story that is classed as newsworthy is often described as quick, negative and sustains drama etc. According to Mcnair (1999) news values act as a cue for the audience alerting them to the importance of the issue. News values can often overlap with newsroom observation studies, for example, both try to capture the unwritten rules of journalism. News values of a story are not written down in a book. A trainee journalist cannot be taught about what news values apply to each story. According to Lippman (1922) news values are an informal code. The journalist has to learn to consider what news values a story has and its news worthiness to its audience. So the reason behind why a certain story has been selected as a front page story for argument sake in a newspaper, is because the editor believes it has high news values and is very newsworthy to its audience, meaning people are going to read it because the story is relevant and/or affects them and, therefore, is a priority in the news journalism world. According to Lippman (1922) reporters are said to have a good nose or a gut feeling for a good story. For the benefit of this essay I will define just a few of Galtung and Ruges news values. Firstly, negativity, which refers to the old clichà © of the only good news is bad news. An example of a story that contains this news value is the recession and the continuing rise of the unemployed. Threshold, is another news value which is based on the size of the story for example how many people does it involve? E.g. The Jonathan Ross saga involved a number of people having their salaries cut. Proximity, is another news value this is based on whether the story is close to viewers economically or geographically. Unexpectedness of an event is a news value which is pretty much self explanatory an example of a story that contains this news value is 9/11. Another news value is what is known as a Continuation story, which is an established sequence, an example being the Madeline McCann story, as this has been an ongoing story since her disappearance in 2007. Galtung and Ruge believe that the more news values a story has, the more of a priority it has in contemporary news journalism. An example of this would be the 2004 Tsunami which included the news values of negativity as many lost their homes and lives. Unexpectedness, as there was no warning to the natural disaster. Threshold, as the story involved a huge number of people. It was eventually a continuation story where it was reported on for weeks after the event happened. For the benefit of this essay, I am going to compare the similarities and differences of what news stories were selected and seen as a priority to the news journalism world (as they were seen as the most newsworthy to their audience). I chose to look at BBC Wales Today and ITVS Wales Tonight. The programmes were aired on Monday 26h October at 6.00 p.m. ITV Wales stories were (in a three to four word sum up of each story) a car bomb in Pakistan which has the news values of negativity and threshold as it affects a large number of people. The second story is about 3 pilots dying in a plane crash which has the news values of negativity, proximity (geographically) as the location of the crash was close to viewers and one of the victims lived in Cardiff. The story also held the news value of unexpectedness of the crash. Finally the third story which was about a campaign to lift the spirits of the Welsh people living in the valleys. This story had the news value of proximity, as it is the location of where a large number of people from the target audience live and threshold as it affects a large number of people. The first BBC Wales Today story was about unpaid benefit, whereby people with disabilities are owed money by the Government. The story has the news values of negativity and threshold as it affects a large number of people. The story was a continuation story as this story has been running for a while. The second story was the valleys campaign to lift spirits, which had the same news values as previously mentioned. Finally the third story was the Teacher of the year award, which is about a secondary school head teacher in Worcestershire winning the award. The news values for this item are proximity, as it is close to where the target audience lives, and unexpectedness of who was the winner of the award. An interesting point to make is that the only story featured on both news programmes was the one about the valleys campaign even though the angle and where the story was placed in the news programme differed. It was placed third in ITVS running order and second in BBC Wales Today. This means that BBC Wales Today believes that the story is more news worthy to its audience and, therefore, more of a priority in news journalism to be shown in that particular order. Another factor to consider is why certain stories were chosen for ITV and not selected for BBC Wales? Why were certain stories seen as a priority in contemporary journalism and others were not? A highly criticised point made by Tunsall (1971) shows how the model definitely needs to be updated, as detailed and better photographs are used more frequently in contemporary news journalism, this may be due to a number of reasons such as the advance of technology. Also, there seems to be a growing number of citizen journalism, where non trained journalists take it upon themselves to take pictures, for example, send them to editors of newspapers and then make money out of them. I would definitely modify the model as I believe news values of a story can also be visual imperatives, as in a picture or video footage. We may consider that without such visual imperatives some news stories may not have been so newsworthy, for example, 9/11. The story had some amazing pictures taken of the event; of the Twin Towers actually collapsing (The pictures were taken by a citizen journalist which showed how quick, unexpected and shocking the event was). However, we have to consider without this footage would the story have been so big? Inevitably the story would have been front page news globally without the footage as it would have been a priority story in news journalism but the footage has a definite impact on the story. According to Tunsall as cited in Harcup and ONeill (2001) they state that Galtung and Ruge looked only at content that was explicitly concerned with the selected crises; and their list of factors made no reference to how visual elements, such as dramatic photographs, could affect the content of written material. Having visual imperatives makes the story have higher news values than if there was no pictures etc. at all and it was just a written article about the event. I think photographs for such a news story are necessary as it helps capture the priorities of contemporary news journalism. A criticism of Galtung and Ruges model is, how do journalists define their news values? This may be made clearer by Harcup and ONeills (2001) example. Using one of Galtung and Ruges news values called threshold. They state Isnt this still open to subjective interpretation? Which is bigger, twenty deaths in ten road accidents or five deaths in one rail crash? So it seems that maybe the model is unclear and that it should be updated to be clearer about their definitions of news values, in order to be able to capture the priorities of contemporary news journalism. Furthermore, Harcup and ONeill (2001) argue that A number of Galtung and Ruges factors appear to be problematic to identify while others may be identifiable but less in any intrinsic properties of a potential news story and more in the process of how a story has been constructed or written up. In other words they argue that Galtung and Ruges model is more to do with how a story has been told by the journalist. However, an alternative perspective to Galtung and Ruges propaganda news values model is the Herman and Chomskys propaganda model (1988) in Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. The pair (who are professors of communication), examine and analyse evidence of US news output and why it works in this way in capturing the priorities of contemporary journalism. This theory proposes a five filter theory which I will now go on to discuss. The five filters are size ownership, advertising, sources, flack and anti- communism. Basically the Herman and Chomsky theory (from a hand out given in lectures), is based on the organisation of news institutions, as they see the news journalism world, as being set in the market system. The five filters work through independent action and self-censorship instead of direct control. According to Herman (1996) They work as filters through which information must pass, and that individually and often in additive fashion they help shape media choices. I am going to discuss the five filters, the first being size/ownership which is becoming progressively more concentrated. The pair believes there are a smaller number of proprietors concerned and it seems the big fish at the top eat the little fish. They believe that the market (which is owned by a limited number of wealthy people), is entirely focused in the direction of profit and that there are certain barriers to entry in to the ownership market. They argue that restrictive practices are sometimes activated and that the news media has a built-in bias because of its common interests with other major corporations. The second filter is advertising; Chomsky and Herman claim that the news media is in the business of selling audiences to advertisers (especially affluent audiences). Corporate advertisers therefore work as an unofficial licensing authority. A large part of profit made by newspaper companies is from advertising revenue. According to Herman (1996) Newspapers are funded largely by advertisers who are also profit-seeking entities, and who want their ads to appear in a supportive selling environment. The third filter is primary sources, which the pair claim that journalists are obliged to view official sources (political, corporate, military) as essentially more reliable than others. Alternative sources of news and opinions are therefore marginalized or ignored. The next filter is flak. This can be negative responses from above to news reporting (phone calls, letters, threats, etc.) all of which constitute flak. It receives respectful attention (and is not denounced or ignored for what it is). Flak upsets advertisers so news media strive to avoid doing anything to aggravate it in other words they will not publish anything that will offend the advertiser. Finally the last filter I am going to describe is anti-communism (also referred to as the anti-ideology filter). It believes the US news media has an inherent bias against communism, in particular, but also against any form of socialism and it therefore tends to support the US in regards to right-wing regimes abroad. Many journalists argue there are many critiques of this model such as it doesnt match journalists own intuitions. They believe that the fifth filter is too restricted (in time and space). They argue that it is a conspiracy theory and it ignores objectivity as a main fear of the journalist. According to Klaehn (2002) Chomsky and Hermans theory is an overly deterministic view of media behaviour. I think some of the filters apply in the UK for capturing news journalism, for example, size and ownership, as Chomsky and Herman argue that the news media is increasingly concentrated into fewer businesses. My research (although it only talks about the news medium of newspapers), concurs that ownership is restricted. According to The House of Lords (2008) In the United Kingdom, the national newspaper industry is run by eight companies-one of which has over 35% of the national newspaper market. I think that second filter advertising if the most influential of all the filters, because without revenue from advertising, the revenue made from the sale of newspapers would not be enough to support the company financially and most likely shareholders of the company would view this as a huge problem as there would be no newspaper. This fact can be supported by the Chomsky and Herman theory mentioned in the first filter, who state The market is entirely focused in the direction of profit and they argue that restrictive practises are sometimes activated. For argument sake, if the Royal bank of Scotland were a major advertiser in the Daily Mail, and this newspaper ran a negative piece about how the Royal Bank of Scotland bonus payouts to senior executives were outrageously high, the newspaper risks future advertising revenue from the offence caused. So this shows how certain information is not always captured by newspapers in contemporary news journalism. To conclude, although I believe that this original 1960s model is suitable in some respects, it does need modifying as it is outdated. A remarkable point to make is that the model does not include anything about celebrities and this would definitely be a modification I would make. Britains contemporary news journalism now often features celebrity stories in their newspapers. It is often argued that British society has become extremely fascinated with the celebrity life and has developed into a celebrity culture where we want to find out what the celebrities have been up to, whos wearing what, who has just had a baby and who is splitting up etc. It has become very much apparent that celebrity stories have become part of todays news, although a point to think about is whether it is a major priority to contemporary news journalism to feature these types of stories in our news sources. Harcup and ONeills (2001) study states that when Galtung and Ruges news model mentions the news value, Reference to Elite People they stated that they were not necessarily the elite people that Galtung and Ruge had in mind. The UK press seems obsessed with celebrities such as TV soap stars, sports stars, film stars and, of course, royalty. In contrast, the elite people identified by Galtung and Ruges model were the politically powerful, people in positions of authority. With newspapers including more information about scandal and celebrities, there are concerns about the so called dumbing down of news and possible growth of a term called tabloidization. This is where political news is being replaced by celebrity news. So is this really what society wants to read about? Has contemporary journalism come to this?

The Truth about Single- Sex Schooling Essay -- Argumentative Persuasiv

Single-Sex Schooling Single-Sex Schools have been looked down upon by many due to the belief that students will not be able to function comfortably with the opposite sex when leaving to go to a coeducational College or University. This belief is usually also partnered with the thought that single-sex schools represent segregation, many people do believe that these types of schools promote the separation of males and females. Some also may believe that all single-sex schools are in fact private, meaning that tuition for these schools are expensive, and cater to the wealthy. However, all of these beliefs are far from the truth. Not only are single sex schools offered in public education, but studies have also shown that attending single-sex schools can be very beneficial in succeeding both academically and socially. Single-Sex education is especially beneficial for young females. This type of education offers females a more comfortable way of learning, students feel more comfortable asking questions and sp eaking up in a classroom setting. Also, teachers can focus on gender issues facing young females today, such as body concerns as well as focusing on more challenging subjects for young girls. Through studies made from various single-sex female schools, as well as the research made through comparisons to coeducational schools, the belief that single-sex school as being a bad idea is shown to be not only incorrect, but also a completely misguided belief. Unfortunately, for many adolescent and teenage girls? eating disorders and body concerns are very prevalent. However, according to a study made by Janel Messinger, a The Truth about Single- Sex Schooling representative from the Department of psychology at the City Universi... ...ly looked into the fabulous opportunities that their child could experience, traditions are formed, friends are made, and the education the students will have will truly last a lifetime. Works Cited: Blair, H. & Sanford, K. (1999). Single-sex classrooms: A place for transformation of policy and practice. pp.4-9. Retrieved on April 14 from Eric/EBSCO. Dollison, R.A. (1998). A comparison of the effect of single sex and coeducational schooling arrangements on the self-esteem and mathematics achievement of adolescent females. pp. 6-9. Retrieved on April 12 from Eric/EBSCO. Haag, P. (2000). K-12 single sex education: What does research say? pp.2-5. Retrieved on March 23 from Eric/EBSCO. Messinger, J. (2001). Gender and body concerns in adolescent females: Single sex and coeducational environments. pp. 5-9. Retrieved on February 28 from Eric/EBSCO.

To Kill a Mockingbird - Theme of Innocence :: Free Essay Writer

To Kill a Mockingbird - Theme of Innocence       Innocence is a time when a person has never done something, it is the first step of the theme of innocence to experience. The second step in the movement from innocence to experience, is experience. This step is what is achieved after a person or thing has done something they have never done before or learns something they have never know before. The theme of growth from innocence to experience occurs many times in the first part of To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee. This process is one of the central themes in the first eleven chapters of this book, because it shows how Scout and Jem change and mature.    In To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, there are many great examples of Jem or Scout moving from innocence to experience. One of these is on page 24 when Scout learns the proper way to treat a guest. After Scout has a fight with Walter Cunningham, Jem invites him to dinner. During the meal, Scout watches Walter pour a lot of syrup on his food. Thinking it unusual, Scout inquired about why he was doing it. Her comment embarrasses Walter. Calpernia, the housekeeper, brings her into the kitchen and tells her that she should never comment on the ways of their guest's eating habits or otherwise. To drive home her point, Calpernia not only informs Scout of her mistake, she slaps her.    Prior to these events happening, Scout had never know that it was improper to make fun of or judge a guest of the house. In her innocence, she had never before realized this behavior was inappropriate. The hit as well as the scolding have removed her innocence. Scout is now very aware of her mistake. With her new experience, she will most likely never embarrass a house guest again. She has learned her lesson.    In my life I have also gone through many situations that have taken me across the threshold of innocence to experience. One example of this would be, that when I was young, I was unaware that leaning back in a chair was dangerous. This would be my innocence, but one day when I was leaning back, I fell to the ground and took off the skin on my chin.

The Importance of Dreaming and Sleeping Essay -- Dreaming Dreams Psych

The Importance of Dreaming and Sleeping Dreams and dreaming is an important part of our lives. They’re a reliable source of insight, personal enrichment, and life affirming revelations. Dreams are the language of a person's subconscious mind. Before a person starts to dream, there are certain cycles or stages that a person goes through in their sleep. Sleeping is important to our lives. Many people spend about twenty five years sleeping and dreaming. There are four-ninety minute stages of sleep that a person goes through a night. To begin with stage one. This is when breathing is regular, heart rate slows down, and blood pressure decreases. A person could still be awake during this stage. Slowly the person drifts to stage two. During this stage, the person is unaware of what is going on in the outside surroundings. As the person falls deeper into sleep, the person goes into stage three and four. It is harder to wake someone up when they reached this stage. It takes about an hour for a person to go through all four stages. Yet, not everyone goes through all of these stages a night. Throughout the night, stages four and five repeated. REM (rapid eye movement) takes place when a person is at the deepest level of sleep. In REM, eyes move quickly under the eyelid. Dreaming takes place at this stage. Dreams occur more often and they are more real at this stage. These dreams are story like, intense, and passionate. (Encarta-psychology, CD-ROM) There are many ways to look at dreams. The psychoanalytic, biological, and cognitive views of dreaming. In psychoanalytic view, Freud came up with a theory called the "wish-fulfillment theory." Wish-fulfillment theory is " dream a interpretation that emphasizes the roles of the manifestation content of dreams" (Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy, 139). In a psychoanalytic view, they say that dreams are hidden signs of suppresses needs. In a biological perspective, they believe that dreams are not important- they are stimulation of brain cells. In a cognitive view, they believe dreams are an important part of information processing. (Huffman,Vernoy,and Vernoy, 140) There are no proven facts on why we dream. This is why there are a lot to go with these theories on dreaming. There alot of dream theorists that wrote on why people dream. Freud was always enchanted by dreams. He believed tha... ...(Encarta, Psychology, CDROM)These people say the dreams are important to live a full and complete life. It is difficult for us to study dreams and how they work while we’re sleeping. People can only decide for themselves and believe what they was to believe in. Only the dreamer can determine what is right or wrong. Outline I. Introduction to sleep A. Introduction statement II. Typical sleep cycle A. stages of sleep B. dreaming sleep III. Theories of sleep A. Freud’s theory B. Jung’s theory VI. Understanding dreams A. Self understandin B. Scientific understanding Bibliography 1.Encarta Psychology CD ROM 2.Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, Judith Vernoy PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION Wiley John and Son. Inc. COPYRIGHT 1999 3.The CG Jung page HTTP//:WWW.CGJUNG.COM 4. The Sigmund Freud page HTTP//:WWW.LANDOW.BROWN.EDU Ps: to the person who gets this i got this with no bibliography or outline and every word and sentence was wrong but i did no reasearch and thats the part that worked for me and i used the internet to fine suitable pages and book titles hehe well hope your teacher likes it The Importance of Dreaming and Sleeping Essay -- Dreaming Dreams Psych The Importance of Dreaming and Sleeping Dreams and dreaming is an important part of our lives. They’re a reliable source of insight, personal enrichment, and life affirming revelations. Dreams are the language of a person's subconscious mind. Before a person starts to dream, there are certain cycles or stages that a person goes through in their sleep. Sleeping is important to our lives. Many people spend about twenty five years sleeping and dreaming. There are four-ninety minute stages of sleep that a person goes through a night. To begin with stage one. This is when breathing is regular, heart rate slows down, and blood pressure decreases. A person could still be awake during this stage. Slowly the person drifts to stage two. During this stage, the person is unaware of what is going on in the outside surroundings. As the person falls deeper into sleep, the person goes into stage three and four. It is harder to wake someone up when they reached this stage. It takes about an hour for a person to go through all four stages. Yet, not everyone goes through all of these stages a night. Throughout the night, stages four and five repeated. REM (rapid eye movement) takes place when a person is at the deepest level of sleep. In REM, eyes move quickly under the eyelid. Dreaming takes place at this stage. Dreams occur more often and they are more real at this stage. These dreams are story like, intense, and passionate. (Encarta-psychology, CD-ROM) There are many ways to look at dreams. The psychoanalytic, biological, and cognitive views of dreaming. In psychoanalytic view, Freud came up with a theory called the "wish-fulfillment theory." Wish-fulfillment theory is " dream a interpretation that emphasizes the roles of the manifestation content of dreams" (Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy, 139). In a psychoanalytic view, they say that dreams are hidden signs of suppresses needs. In a biological perspective, they believe that dreams are not important- they are stimulation of brain cells. In a cognitive view, they believe dreams are an important part of information processing. (Huffman,Vernoy,and Vernoy, 140) There are no proven facts on why we dream. This is why there are a lot to go with these theories on dreaming. There alot of dream theorists that wrote on why people dream. Freud was always enchanted by dreams. He believed tha... ...(Encarta, Psychology, CDROM)These people say the dreams are important to live a full and complete life. It is difficult for us to study dreams and how they work while we’re sleeping. People can only decide for themselves and believe what they was to believe in. Only the dreamer can determine what is right or wrong. Outline I. Introduction to sleep A. Introduction statement II. Typical sleep cycle A. stages of sleep B. dreaming sleep III. Theories of sleep A. Freud’s theory B. Jung’s theory VI. Understanding dreams A. Self understandin B. Scientific understanding Bibliography 1.Encarta Psychology CD ROM 2.Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, Judith Vernoy PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION Wiley John and Son. Inc. COPYRIGHT 1999 3.The CG Jung page HTTP//:WWW.CGJUNG.COM 4. The Sigmund Freud page HTTP//:WWW.LANDOW.BROWN.EDU Ps: to the person who gets this i got this with no bibliography or outline and every word and sentence was wrong but i did no reasearch and thats the part that worked for me and i used the internet to fine suitable pages and book titles hehe well hope your teacher likes it

How Technology Affects our Lives Essay

Technology is very much a part of modern life. Many people see technology as force that escaped from human control, others feel that technology has improved the quality of life. The issue of technology being a part of modern life is a controversial one. Some feel that the contribution of technology has made a positive impact in modern life that technology helps improve the quality of life. But still it’s in a big question. Technology’s role in our lives is astonishing. Its effect on the way we communicate has changed the English language forever. In â€Å"In the Beginning Was the Word† Christine Rosen tells how technology has a huge negative effect on our lives today. She also explains that because we are so attached to our electronic devices, we are creating more distractions for ourselves. In â€Å"Three Tweets for the Web† Tyler Cowen believes that internet soon will completely overcome books. He also says that technology is forcing us to multitask. Today for younger generation internet can provide faster and more accurate information on Google than going to a library and doing a research. Cowen begins his essay that printed word isn’t dead yet and that we won’t end up on internet. He says â€Å"For today’s younger people, Google is more likely to provide a formative cultural experience than The Catcher in the Rye or Catch-22 or even the Harry Potter novels. There is no question that books are becoming less central to our cultural life† (245). We want to get the information quickly, we don’t want to wait extra hours or even days for it. Rosen says â€Å"Today, of course, abridgment and abbreviation are the norm, and our impatience for information has trained even those of us who never cracked an issue of Reader’s Digest to prefer 60-second news cycles to 62 condensed pages per month† (204). We pay more attention to the information which we got from the internet, than we did anywhe re else. At the same time technology is making us multitask, multitasking is not an easy thing to do and it takes a lot of brain activity. Cowen writes â€Å"The mass migration of intellectual activity from print to the Web has brought one important development: We have begun paying more attention to information. Overall, that is a big plus for the new world order† (246). He also mentions â€Å"It is easy to dismiss this cornucopia as information overload. We have all seen people scrolling with one hand through a BlackBerry while pecking out instant messages (IMs) on a laptop with the other and eyeing a television (I  will not say â€Å"watching†). But even though it is easy to see signs of overload in our busy lives, the reality is that most of us carefully regulate this massive inflow of information to create something uniquely suited to our particular interests and needs – a rich and highly personalized blend of cultural gleanings† (246). Technology has even pushed authors to make the readings more consumer-friendly. Rosen explains that â€Å"The digital revolution has also transformed the experience of reading by making it more consumer-oriented. With the advent of electronic readers (and cellphones that can double as e-readers), the book is no longer merely a thing you purchase, but a service to which you subscribe. With the purchase of a traditional book, your consumer ends when you walk out of the bookstore. With a wirelessly connected Kindle or Iphone, or your Wi-Fi-enabled computer, you exist in a perpetual state of potential consumerism† (205). To sum everything up both, Christine Rosen and Tylen Cowen thinks that technology does have a huge impact to the language. It still has some good features, such as: it allows us to multitask faster and better, we can save time by just looking something up we need on Google, and for last if we still want to read a book, we can always just subscribe to a e-book provider, then you just download the e-book on your phone, tablet, or computer and here you go! So what all that means is that technology didn’t really killed printed word, even though we’re most likely to choose to read electronically, we still read.

Solving Quadratic Equations

While the ultimate goal is the same, to determine the value(s) that hold true for the equation, solving quadratic equations requires much more than simply isolating the variable, as is required in solving linear equations. This piece will outline the different types of quadratic equations, strategies for solving each type, as well as other methods of solutions such as Completing the Square and using the Quadratic Formula. Knowledge of factoring perfect square trinomials and simplifying radical expression are needed for this piece. Let’s take a look! Standard Form of a Quadratic Equation ax2+ bx+c=0Where a, b, and c are integers and a? 1 I. To solve an equation in the form ax2+c=k, for some value k. This is the simplest quadratic equation to solve, because the middle term is missing. Strategy: To isolate the square term and then take the square root of both sides. Ex. 1) Isolate the square term, divide both sides by 2 Take the square root of both sides 2Ãâ€"2=40 2Ãâ€"22= 40 2 x2 =20 Remember there are two possible solutions x2= 20 Simplify radical; Solutions x=  ± 20 x= ± 25 (Please refer to previous instructional materials Simplifying Radical Expressions ) II. To solve a quadratic equation arranged in the form ax2+ bx=0.Strategy: To factor the binomial using the greatest common factor (GCF), set the monomial factor and the binomial factor equal to zero, and solve. Ex. 2) 12Ãâ€"2- 18x=0 6x2x-3= 0Factor using the GCF 6x=0 2x-3=0Set the monomial and binomial equal to zero x=0 x= 32Solutions * In some cases, the GCF is simply the variable with coefficient of 1. III. To solve an equation in the form ax2+ bx+c=0, where the trinomial is a perfect square. This too is a simple quadratic equation to solve, because it factors into the form m2=0, for some binomial m. For factoring instructional methods, select The Easy Way to Factor Trinomials ) Strategy: To factor the trinomial, set each binomial equal to zero, and solve. Ex. 3) x2+ 6x+9=0 x+32=0Factor as a perfect square x+3x+3= 0Not necessary, but valuable step to show two solutions x+3=0 x+3=0Set each binomial equal to zero x= -3 x= -3Solve x= -3Double root solution IV. To solve an equation in the form ax2+ bx+c=0, where the trinomial is not a perfect square, but factorable. Similar to the last example, this is a simple quadratic equation to solve, because it factors into the form mn=0, for some binomials m and n.Strategy: To factor the trinomial, set each binomial equal to zero, and solve. Ex. 4) 2Ãâ€"2-x-6=0 * Using the factoring method from The Easy Way to Factor Trinomials, we need to find two number that multiply to give ac, or -12, and add to give b, or -1. These values are -4 and 3. Rewrite the trinomial with these two values as coefficients to x that add to the current middle term of -1x. 2Ãâ€"2- 4x+3x-6=0Rewrite middle term 2Ãâ€"2- 4x+3x-6=0 2xx-2+ 3x-2= 0Factor by grouping x-22x+3= 0Factor out the common binomial (x-2) x-2=0 2x+3=0Set each binomial equal to zero x=2 x= -32Solutions V.To solve a quadratic equation not arranged in the form ax2+ bx+c=0, but factorable. Strategy: To combine like terms to one side, set equal to zero, factor the trinomial, set each binomial equal to zero, and solve. Ex. 5) 6Ãâ€"2+ 2x-3=9x+2 -9x -9x 6Ãâ€"2- 7x-3= 2 -2 -2 6Ãâ€"2- 7x-5=0 * To factor this trinomial, we are looking for two numbers that multiply to give ac, or -30, and add to give b, or -7. These values would be 3 and -10. Rewrite the trinomial with these two values as coefficients to x that add to the current middle term of -7x. 6Ãâ€"2+ 3x-10x-5=0Rewrite middle term 6Ãâ€"2+ 3x-10x-5=0 3x2x+1-52x+1=0Factor by grouping Careful factoring a -5 from the second group 2x+13x-5=0 Factor out the common binomial (2x+1) 2x+1=0 3x-5=0 Set each binomial equal to zero x= -12 x= 53Solutions Now that we have explored some examples, I’d like to take this time to summarize the strategies used thus far in solving quadratic equations. Keeping in mind the goal is to isolate the variable, the format of the equation will dictate the strategy used to solve. When the quadratic does not have a middle term, a term with a power of 1, it is best to first isolate the squared term, and then take the square root of both sides.This essentially will result in two solutions of opposite values. For quadratics that do not have a c-value, arrange the equation so that ax2+ bx=0, and then factor using the GCF. Set the monomial, or the GCF, and the binomial equal to zero and solve. When the quadratic has one or more ax2’s, bx’s, and c’s, the like terms need to be combined to one side of the equation and set equal to zero before determining if the trinomial can be factored. Once factored, set each binomial equal to zero and solve. Keep in mind while combining like terms that a must be an integer greater than or equal to 1.The solutions to cases such as these may result in a double root solution, found when the trinomial is factored as a perfect square, or two unique solutions, found when the trinomial is factored into two unique binomials. There may be other cases where a GCF can be factored out of the trinomial before factoring occurs. Since this unit is focused on solving quadratic equations, the GCF would simply be a constant. The next example to illustrates while it’s helpful to factor out the GCF before factoring the trinomial, it is not imperative to do so and has no impact on the solution of the quadratic equation. VI.To solve a quadratic equation in which there is a GCF among the terms of a trinomial. Strategy (A : To determine the GCF between the terms of the trinomial once it is in standard form, factor out the GCF, factor the trinomial, set each binomial equal to zero, and then solve. Ex. 6A) 12Ãâ€"2- 22x+6=0 26Ãâ€"2- 11x+3=0 * To factor this trinomial, we are looking for two numbers that multiply to give ac, or 18, and add to give b, or -11. These values would be -9 and -2. Rewrite the trinomial with these two values as coefficients to x that add to the current middle term of -11x. 26Ãâ€"2- 9x-2x+3=0Factor out the GCF of 2 from each term 3x2x-3- 12x-3=0Factor by grouping 22x-33x-1=0Factor out the common binomial (2x-3) 2x-3=0 3x-1=0Set each binomial equal to zero x= 32 x= 13 Solutions Strategy (B): To factor the trinomial, set each binomial equal to zero, and solve. Ex. 6B) 12Ãâ€"2- 22x+6=0 * To factor this trinomial, we are looking for two numbers that multiply to give ac, or 72, and add to give b, or -22. These values would be -18 and -4. Rewrite the trinomial with these two values as coefficients to x that add to the current middle term of -22x. 12Ãâ€"2- 18x-4x+6=0 x2x-3- 22x-3=0Factor by grouping 2x-36x-2= 0Factor out the common binomial (2x-3) 2x-3=0 6x-2=0 Set each binomial equal to zero x= 32 x= 26= 13Solutions * Notice in Ex 6A, since the GCF did not have a variable. The purpose of factoring and setting each binomial equal to zero is to solve for the possible value(s) for the variable that result in a zero product. If the GCF does not have a variable, it is not possible for it to make a product of zero. With that said, in later topics there will be cases where a GCF will include a variable, leaving a factorable trinomial.This type of case results in a possibility of three solutions for the variable, as seen in the example below. 3xx2+ 5x+6=0 3xx+2x+3=0 3x=0 x+2=0 x+3=0 x=0 x= -2 x= -3 At this point we need to transition to solving quadratics equations that do not have trinomials that are factorable. To solve these types of equations, we have two options, (1) to Complete the Square, and (2) to use the Quadratic Formula. Essentially, these two methods yield the same solution when left in simplified radical form. For the remainder of this unit I will o the following: * Explain how to Complete the Square * Provide examples utilizing the Completing the Square method * Prove the Quadratic Formula starting with Completing the Square * Provide examples solving equations using the Quadratic Formula * Provide an example that parallels all three methods in this unit * Provide instructional strategies for solving quadratic equations VII. How to Complete the Square Goal: To get x ±m2=k , where m and k are real numbers and k? 0 For equations that are not factorable and in the form ax2+ bx+c=0 where a=1, 1.Move constant term to the side opposite the variable x. 2. Take 12 of b and square the result. 3. Add this term to both sides. 4. Create your perfect square set equal to some constant value k? 0. VIII. To solve quadratic equations using the Completing the Square method. Ex. 7)x2+ 6x-5=0 * Since there are no two integers that multiply to give ac, or -5, and add to give b, or 6, this trinomial is not factorable, and therefore, Completing the Square must be used to solve for x. x2+ 6x+ _____ =5+ _____ Move constant to the right x2+ 6x+ 62 2=5+ 62 2Take 12b, square it and add it to both sides 2+ 6x+9=14Simplify x+32=14Factor trinomial as a perfect square x+32= 14Take the square root of both sides x+3=  ± 14Simplify x= -3  ± 14Solve for x; Solutions Ex. 8) 2Ãâ€"2+ 16x=4 * Before proceeding with Completing the Square, notice a? 1 and the constant term is already on the opposite side of the variable terms. First step must be to divide both sides of the equation by 2. x2+ 8x=2Result after division by 2 x2+ 8x+ _____ =2+ _____ Preparation for Completing the Square x2+ 8x+ 82 2=2 + 82 2 Take 12b, square it and add it to both sides x2+ 8x+16=18 Simplify x+42=18Factor trinomial as a perfect square +42= 18Take the square root of both sides x+4=  ± 32Simplify x= -4  ±32Solve for x; Solutions At any point during the solving process, if a negative value exists under the radical, there will be NO REAL SOLUTION to the equation. These types of equations will be explored later once the imaginary number system has been learned. IX. Quadratic Formula The Quadratic Formula is another method to solving a quadratic equation. L et’s take a look at how the standard form of a quadratic equation can be transformed into the Quadratic Formula using the Completing the Square method.Ensure a coefficient of 1 for x2 by dividing by a, and move the constant term to the right ax2+ bx+c=0Standard Form of a quadratic equation ax2a+ bxa+ c a= 0 a x2+ b ax+ c a= 0 x2+ b ax= – c a * The square of half of what is now the b term, or the middle term, is 12 †¢ b a2= b2a2= b24a2 Complete the Square Get common denominator on the right Factor trinomial as a perfect square Take the square root of both sides Simplify Solve for x Quadratic Formula x2+ b ax+ b24a2 = – c a + b24a2 x2+ b ax+ b24a2 = – 4ac 4a2 + b24a2 x2+ b ax+ b24a2 = -4ac+b24a2 + b 2a2= -4ac+b24a2 x+ b 2a2= -4ac+b24a2 x+ b2a=  ± -4ac+ b22a x= -b 2a  ± -4ac+ b22a x= -b  ± b2- 4ac2a X. To solve quadratic equations using the Quadratic Formula. Ex 9. ) 2Ãâ€"2- 8x+ 5=0 a=2 b= -8 c=5 Substitute Evaluate Subtract Simplify radical Simp lify fraction; Solutions x= -b  ± b2- 4ac2a x= –8  ± -82- 42522 x= 8  ± 64 – 404 x= 8  ± 244 x= 8  ± 264 x= 4  ± 62 Ex. 10) 2x=5-4Ãâ€"2 * Notice this equation is not in the standard form for quadratic equations. Before identifying the values for a, b and c, the equation must be arranged in ax2+ bx+c=0 form.After adding 4Ãâ€"2 and subtracting 5, we get 4Ãâ€"2+ 2x-5=0 a=4 b= 2 c=-5 Substitute Evaluate Add Simplify x= -b  ± b2- 4ac2a x= -2  ± 22- 44-524 x= -2  ± 4+808 x= -2  ± 848 x= -2  ± 2218 Simplify fraction; Solution x= -1  ± 214 As in Completing the Square, if a negative value results under the radical, there’s NO REAL SOLUTION. XI. Compare all three methods learned Factoring| Completing the Square| Quadratic Formula| Ex. 11) 4Ãâ€"2- 8x-5=0 * Two integers that multiply to give -20 that add to give -8 are -10 and 2. x2- 10x +2x-5=02x2x-5+ 12x-5= 02x-52x+1= 0 2x-5=0 2x+1=0x= 52 x= -12| Ex. 11) 4Ãâ€"2- 8x-5=0 * First step is to obtai n a coefficient of 1 for the x2 by dividing both sides of the equation by 4. x2- 2x- 54= 04Ãâ€"2- 2x- 54=0x2- 2x=54Ãâ€"2- 2x+ _____=54+ _____x2-2x+ 22 2 =54+ 22 2 x2- 2x+1=54+1Ãâ€"2- 2x+1=94x-12= 94x-12= 94x-1=  ± 32x=1  ± 32x= 52 x= -12| Ex. 11. ) 4Ãâ€"2- 8x-5=0a=4 b= -8 c= -5x= -b  ± b2- 4ac2ax= –8  ± (-8)2-44-52(4)x= 8  ± 64+80 8x=8  ± 1448x= 8  ± 128x= 208 x= -48x= 52 x= -12| XII. Instructional StrategiesThis is such a wonderful unit that builds on the familiar skills like solving equations, while setting up the transition to exploring the graphical nature of quadratic solutions. Check out Being Strategic in Solving Equations Part I & II to learn more about the flexibility in equation solving. Students have quite a bit of flexibility in solving quadratic equations as well. This unit follows the factoring lessons in most curriculums very closely. Essentially, the only new material in this unit is the Completing the Square and the Quadratic Formula.It is i mperative that you teach this unit in a progressive nature as I have laid out here, starting with what students are familiar with, adding one layer at a time to arrive at the more complex equations as illustrated in Examples 7 – 10. Throughout the beginning of this unit, pose questions to students such as * Does the equation have a middle term, or does the equation have a b term? * Is the equation in standard quadratic form? * Is there a greatest common factor? * Is the trinomial factorable? * Can the trinomial be factored as a perfect square? How many unique solutions does the equation have? Encourage students to ask these questions back to you or other students as equations are solved in class. This will cause students to slow down and think carefully about the type of equation they are solving. With that said, there is usually more than one approach to solving most equations. Take for instance Example 11. Even if the equation is factorable, the Completing the Square method and the Quadratic formula can be used to solve the equation; however, it may not be the most efficient method.Often students will gravitate towards the formula because they are comfortable with mindless substitution and computation that’s involved with a formula. Needless to say, they quickly realize they must be meticulous weaving in and out of the steps so not to lose a sign or simplify incorrectly. In many cases, taking the scenic route, or the more elaborate method of solution, will cause careless errors throughout the solving process. The goal is for student to learn the process of examining what they have been given and proceed with the method of solution that makes sense for the given equation.To encourage this type of analysis and discourse, provide opportunities for students to showcase these skills. One activity is to group students in 3’s, provide them with a quadratic equation to solve, have each student demonstrate one of the methods of solution, and then decide as a group which method was the most efficient or strategic. When presenting to the class, have each student explain why their method was, or was not the most efficient. In a class, this could be 10 or more equations solved. Don’t shy away from including equations that are missing terms or equations that are not in standard form.These might prove to be more difficult, since they are required to think more carefully about what they have been given, but they are very valuable learning tools. Following this activity, provide students with an equation, and without requiring them to solve using paper and pencil, have them explain, either verbally or in written form, which method they think would be the most strategic or most efficient. Keep in mind, there is room for opinion in these responses. Simply listen and evaluate students thought process as they explain. Skills such as these are invaluable and will help create well rounded mathematical thinkers.

Pho 24 – Vietnamese Franchise System

MODULE 1 1. Brief history of the chosen company. 2. The company’s mission statement: Mission, Vision, Major Goals, Core Values. 3. Some preliminary evaluation of the CEO’s leadership capabilities in comparison with key characteristics of good strategic leaders. Question 1. Brief history of the chosen company. 1. Introduction PHO24 used to be a Vietnamese noodle restaurant chain belonging to Nam An Group, the biggest F&B Corporation in the country.Apart from PHO24, Nam An Group has owned and operated many other different F&B brands including An Vien Restaurant, Maxim’s Nam An Restaurant, ThanhNien Restaurant, An Restaurant, Goody Ice Cream, Goody Plus Ice Cream, Ibox Cafe, etc. The first PHO24 outlet was opened in June 2003 on Nguyen Thiep Street, opposite to the prime landmark Saigon Sheraton Hotel. By June 2010, PHO24 has opened 77 outlets in Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Noi, Da Nang, Vung Tau, NhaTrang, Binh Duong, Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila (Philippines), Seoul (Kore a), Phnom Penh (Cambodia), Sydney (Australia) and Hong Kong.PHO24 plans to open more stores in all major cities of Vietnam as well as in overseas markets, where there are extensive Asian populations. The founders believe that PHO24’s business concept is unique but easy to multiply due to its small space requirement, low investment, standardized operational procedures, and most importantly, the top quality of the food. Now, PHO24 noodle restaurant chain belongs to VTI, owner of Highlands Coffee, Hard Rock Cafe,   Emporio Armani, Swarovski, Aldo,   La Vie En Rose, Debenhams, Coorslight, Orangina†¦ 2.Brand name: PHO has been the most famous dish of Vietnam but it was only known as street food for many decades. Therefore, the founders of PHO24 saw this is an excellent opportunity to create a new business concept that meets the high standards but still preserving the traditional value. After nearly two years of market research – especially the customer’s tas te – PHO24 has invented a unique flavor for PHO’s broth derived from 24 top-quality ingredients and spices. The  number  24  is  meaningful  for  Pho  24 * Pho  24 locations  open  24  hours. Pho  24 also  uses  a  total  of  24  ingredients  and  spices  in  its  pho  broth * Diligently  stewed  for  24  hours  before  it  is  served. * The  24  ingredients  plus  the  thorough  preparation  process  ensures  that  the  pho  broth  at Pho  24  has  a  rich  and  sumptuous  flavor,  according  to  the  company. * The  broth  recipe  is  the  same  in  all  Pho  24  locations,  as  is  expected  for  any  food  franchise. So  wherever  Pho  24  takes  its  pho  dishes,  you  should  get  the  same  rich  flavor  and  taste  of  its  pho. This  is  key  to  a  successful  franch ise  and  it’s  why  the  pho  experience  offered  by  Pho  24  is  fast  picking  up  in  worldwide popularity.PHO24 has been consecutively the winner of The Guide Awards voted by readers of Vietnam Economics Times, ThoiBaoKinhTe Viet Nam and Tu Van Tieu Dung magazine during 6 years from 2004 to 2009. In 2008 Pho24 was voted as an International Franchiser of the Year, accepted by FLA Singapore. In 2010, PHO24 is one of the top 10 â€Å"Ho Chi Minh City – One Hundred Excitements† which voted by travelers. 3. The Milestone of The Company: 2012 : target to reach 200 outlets total 2010 : target began to open shops in China and Japan. 12/2009:Franchise stores open at No. South Korea and Hong Kong, bringing its total stores to 73rd (more than 57 stores in the city. HCMC),with16 stores in foreign countries (Indonesia, Cambodia, Korea, Philippines, and Hong Kong). 8 / 2009: New franchise agreements in Hong Kong and Macau. Will open its first store in Hong Kong and Macau in October 10/2009 3 / 2009: Total number of noodle shops in Vietnam and 24 foreign countries has reached number 70 after six years in operation 9 / 2006: Pho 24 and VinaCapital – the leading financial companies in Vietnam – officially signed a cooperation and investment. / 2005:Open the first franchise in foreign countries (Jakarta, Indonesia). We have 6 noodle shop in Jakarta on 24 November 2008. 1 / 2005:Open the first franchise store in Ho Chi Minh district, followed by a few other shops in the major cities of Vietnam like Da Nang, NhaTrang,Vung Tau, BinhDuong †¦ 12/2004:Opens first store in Hanoi, the capital ofVietnam and also the â€Å"capital of pho† 6 / 2003:Opens first store at No. 5 Nguyen cards, district 1, Ho Chi Minh City. Shop quickly became popular destinations for tourists and residents. Question 2.The company’s mission statement: Mission, Vision, Major Goals, Core Values. Pho24’s Vision: â⠂¬Å"To be the number one Vietnamese Pho and Noodle Brand in the world. † Pho24’s Mission: â€Å"To be the Global Category Developer for Chain Pho with the Objective of being the first mover in each market we enter. † Pho24’s major goals: â€Å"Make PHO24 become the number one and the most famous Vietnamese Pho and Noodle Brand in the world. † Pho24’s core values: â€Å"Always make customers come to PHO24 with great expectations and to leave with full satisfaction. † Business Philosophy: Everything we do is based on quality, customer service and integrity. We believe that repeat customers are the lifeblood of our business. We also trust that new customers are valuable energy for our business development. Therefore, we invite our guests to come to any PHO24 outlets with great expectations and to leave with full satisfaction. We only select franchisees that can share and convey our high standards to our customers† Question 3. Some p reliminary evaluation of the CEO’s leadership capabilities in comparison with key characteristics of good strategic leaders. Ly Quy Trung was born in 1966 in SaiGon.He founded Nam An Group. Subsidiary Pho24 noodle soup chain is the largest chain restaurant in Vietnam. Nam An Group also acts as general distributor for foreign food brands such as Australian franchise Gloria Jean’s Coffees, Canadian frozen yogurt vendor Yogen Fruz and Singaporean bakery chain Bread Talk. The Group wholly owns a dozen restaurant chains in Vietnam, including Maxim Nam An gourmet restaurants and Cafe Terrace bistros. According to the aforementioned qualifications, we can identify some key features which all converge in Ly QuyTrung, the successful CEO of Pho24:Firstly, he has very good vision and wide perspective. In order to develop Pho24 to be the world wide branch to rival with McDonald’s or KFC, from the very first days, Ly QuyTrung has invested in R&D or qualification testing, whi le other people said that they are not necessary for such a Vietnamese restaurant. He is a consistent leader. Being well aware of his company’s position in the market, in spite of the fact that there are a lot of new competitors like Pho Vuong, Pho Cali, etc. Ly Quy Trung believed that they are not his main rivals. He was confident to claim that the quality of the foods and services, along with the prestigious branch are not something that we can create in the short term of time. He was cared about the domestic market. But that is not everything, his main strategy is to make traditional dish of Vietnam – pho – become a fast food franchise appeared over the world. It is clearly shown in the vision of Pho 24: â€Å"To be the number one Vietnamese Pho and Noodle Brand in the world†.Finally, he has willingness to delegate and empower, which is needed to be a good leader. By choosing franchise business model, Ly Quy Trung made decision of building a chain of r estaurant about traditional food, spreading it over the world. He built the secret recipe for his dish, created the dining environment and other differentiation factors for his brand names. Then, he didn’t have to control all the chain but only be the managers and controllers, taking care about the quality of products and services in chain restaurants.Empowering people like that, he has created jobs for thousands people, changed the habit of the Vietnamese of eating n sidewalk not good for health, as well as made a nice appearance of traditional food for the foreigners – an efficient way to represent our culture and promote Vietnamese tourism. In conclusion, Ly Quy Trung is a successful talented leader. Although there has been more and more difficulties, Pho 24 still strives to contribute for Vietnam economic development and make their brand famous and popular in over the world.

Consequences of depression according to Beck’s cognitive theory Essay

According to Beck (1976), depression is characterized by cognitive distortions and is characterized by six features. The first one, arbitrary interference refers to the process of deriving a conclusion from a phenomenon without necessarily having evidence to support the conclusion or when the evidence available does not jell with the conclusion. Secondly, a collapse in the cognitive triad may lead to selective abstraction, which involves focusing on details that do not match with a given context while ignoring the salient features of the phenomenon at hand. For instance, students with a negative cognitive triad will have a tendency to perceive examination questions in their own way which is not in line with the intended answer. Thirdly, the affected people also develop a habit of overgeneralization of facts. This is as situation whereby there is a tendency to create general rules to specific or even isolated instances. For example, a student of mathematics would always view particular calculations as difficult irrespective of how simplified they may be. The fourth point is that depressed people also have tendencies to commit magnification and minimization errors while doing their tasks. This is because they usually have preformed mindsets hence any attempt to inject new knowledge is fruitless. Finally, Beck (1976) noted that depressed individuals might embrace too much personalization and become absolutistic or dichotomous in thinking. This is because of fear that the world does not like them, and that their future is always bleak- the consequences of a purely negative cognitive triad. Personalization for instance makes parents believe that they culpable when their children misbehave. Empirical evidence for Beck’s cognitive theory There is a strong indication that the cognitive triad hypothesis indeed highlights the plight of depressed people. For instance, it could be true that depressed people report more negative thinking about themselves, their world and their future (Beck, 1976). In regard to thinking about the self, distressed people usually resort to less positive self-referent beliefs and become highly critical of themselves and their actions. They are also likely to report a number of imagined activities and how they managed to escape from the tedious tasks (they will never attempt difficult tasks since they always have a sense of lack of confidence in themselves). The theory model therefore builds a foundation for solving psychological problems and since it has every indication that such problems have the sources within the affected individuals, it is these individuals themselves who can best afford a solution to their problems. In essence, the model indicates that people have to change the attitudes towards themselves, the world and the future (and do so in a manner that anticipates good outcomes). Only by doing so can human beings expect a positive cognitive triad, hence positive thinking about life. Beck’s theory and accessibility Beck’s cognitive theory model proposes features that can be procedurally defined and empirically tested, the use of cognition as one of the main parameters to evaluate the behavior and response of people to various phenomena adds impetus to the model’s worth. In spite of the fact that the model does not describe all cognitive processes, it still highlights the varying levels of thoughts and has an assumption that all thoughts associated with psychological abnormalities are spontaneous and just close to consciousness. Another assumption of Beck’s cognitive theory is that individuals can be trained to in order to be able to access the products of their faulty information processing. How this is possible is however amenable to discussion since individuals have different levels of grasping skills and exist in different environments. In short, it may not be possible to train all individuals to be able to trace back their faults and therefore identify their shortcomings. How personality types are created Beck’s theory has evolved over time and one of the most significant modifications it has gone through is its ability to explain differences in personality. According to the theory, people have individual differences that determine the types of events that may cause depression episodes in them. For example, a â€Å"sociotropic† personality is a type where the person concerned bases his or her self-belief in how others regard him or her or talk of his or her actions. For such a person, a perceived snub from a trusted person (like a close friend) is enough cause of a high level of depression. Another kind of personality, according to Beck, is the â€Å"autonomous† type. Such people feel challenged and depressed when their expectations of being in control over situations are challenged, for instance in losing a match where there were high chances of winning.

Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example Halifax Balanced Scorecard began evaluating the necessary factors in October/November of 1995. Operations of managers consisted of explaining the principles and appearance of the scorecard. The managers secured self-learning manuals and training disks for all the participants. Time completion for the activity was only two months and the actual launch comes in January 1, 1996. The main principles of Halifax Balanced Scorecard are financial and business perspective, customer perspective, interview process perspective and staff development and improvement perspective. Concerning the timetable given to change details on each perspective, the updates on financial, business and internal perspective happen each month, while the customer perspective arrives at quarterly and six months duration. The last perspective changes every six months. Tracking each update is essential because accuracy is one main factor of the Balanced Scorecard (Mee & O’Creevy, 2007, p. 60). The usefulness of the tool on the operational strategic processes never protruded in managing the whole system of approach. On the stance of operational balance scorecard, the focus on four steps in performance management and personal development made good turns in the investment of the company. Moreover, concentrating the stages to start and develop rapport between the management and staff gave a better view of the management. However, detracting the scorecard from the strategic objectives was on the overturn of cultural change than on business and financial perspective. The company believes that there is a relation between business and customer focus program. In summary, what the company did was to emphasize more on the â€Å"people and staff† rather than the core mission, which is the financial and business perspective. Plans for Halifax balanced scorecard was to divert focus on one

Describing the Warfront Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Describing the Warfront - Essay Example Describing the Warfront The passage comes from the work of Walter Benjamin, One-Way Street, and Other Writings. It considers the narratives of a soldier in the war front. The narrator shows awareness of the concerns shared by the troops while on the fighting front. This includes the concern on death and fatal enemy assaults. It pointed out that narrator lives in fear over his life due to the depth of the risks. The narrator shows the ease upon which loss of life is achieved in his station. This stimulates concern in his entire session. At some point, he finds himself dreaming about the losses he might suffer upon his death. This is captured by use of a reflection of his childhood friend, whom he has not shared information for a long time. Understanding the depth from where the author gets his inspiration allow for the meeting of the interests aspired by his work. Such an interest is achieved through reflection of tone, wording and language used in the work. The caption allows for the reflection of the lives of the victims through their own words and flow of thoughts. A tone of anguish, fear and pain remain well relished in the entire caption. The author is portrays the entire concerns that remain attributed to the respective reflection through the aid of these virtues. This narrative holds the themes embraced by Walter Benjamin in his work. The narration is on a sad theme that involves reflection on fear and death in a single piece. The whole novel, One-Way Street, and Other Writings, has similar themes of sadness.

Paper assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper assignment - Essay Example The first thing that I have learnt is that secrets can take a number of forms and they can have different meanings for different people under diverse conditions. Some secrets may serve the purpose of arousing laughter, whereas others may prove to be a source of sadness. No matter what the meanings, it should be kept in mind that secrets are a reflection of the inner conditions of humans and their privacy should be respected at all costs. Also important to note is the fact that secrets can have far reaching consequences on the lives of people and it is for this reason that secrets should be kept and not shared with others; except in a way that ensures privacy of others. I also learnt that memories are an essential part of human lives. The idea of sharing with people the pictures of their lost cameras equates to providing them access to the memories of their past. Although it apparently looks strange that people are willing to get back their old photos, yet it becomes easily understandable if one realizes the willingness of humans to sustain connections with their pasts. We live in our present and intend to sustain a connection with the past while willing to reveal quickly which is hidden in our future. There are various things in life that are more precious in reality than they are ordinarily considered. An example is the voice of people who leave a message when the intended person is not available to talk to. Warren’s assertion that having a recording of someone voice is like keeping that person’s spirit alive is quite interesting. A person’s voice is a reflection of his/her personality and by keeping a recording of a person’s voice, it is possible to revive the memories when the person is no more with us. This has a striking resemblance to the notion of bringing a person back to life. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the various intangibles of

Circuits with Feedback and Sine Wave Oscillators Coursework - 1

Circuits with Feedback and Sine Wave Oscillators - Coursework Example These are positive or regenerative feedback and negative or degenerative feedback (Ellinger, 2008). The different between the two types of feedback entails whether the feedback signal is out of phase or in phase with an input signal. Positive or Regenerative feedback is said to occur whenever the feedback signal happens to be in phase with an input signal (Maas 53). The block diagram below shows an amplifier having a positive feedback. It can be deduced from the diagram that the input signal and the feedback signal are in phase implying that the feedback signal regenerates or adds the input signal. Following this, there occurs somewhat larger amplitude in the output signal that it could occur without there being the feedback. Considering a positive feedback in the transistor amplifier, it is noted that it is somewhat simple providing a positive feedback in the common-base transistor amplifier. Given that the output and the input signals are both in phase, what one requires to do is to couple a section of the input signal back to an input. The block diagram below shows these phenomena. Basing on this diagram, it is clear that the feedback network is constituted by C2 and R2, with the value of C2 being larger in order for the capacitive reactance labelled XC to become low and to enable the capacitor to be able to couple the signal quite easily. Moreover, the value of the resistive R2 must be larger in order for it to limit the amount of feedback signal, as well as in ensuring that the majority of an output signal is connects to the next stage via C3. As widely cited, the common-emitter configuration is one of the most common configurations for the transistor amplifiers (Maas 34). However, a positive feedback seems to be somehow more difficult with the common emitter configuration since in most cases, the output and input signals are often 180Â º out of phase (Maas 46). Negative feedback, on the other hand, is often achieved through adding part of

African American Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

African American Music - Essay Example Could you imagine African American culture without music? This question is rather rhetorical. Floyd defined African-American music as music that emanates directly from the black experience in America, descending from the calls, cries, hollers, spirituals, ragtime, and blues of the slavery and post-slavery periods. This genre includes jazz, rhythm and blues, black gospel, and all the forms to which these genres have given birth (Floyd, 232). Interestingly, no one knows exactly when the blues or jazz music began. â€Å"When asked about the origin of blues, old-time fiddlers in New Orleans replied, the blues? Ain’t no first blues! The blues always been† (Southern, 332). Historically, through their indigenous music of their homeland, slaves brought many characteristics of blues, ragtime, and jazz music. Even though those persons could not bring their instruments and familiar possessions from their country, they did bring music in their hearts and minds. For them music serve d as a way of life in Africa, for celebrations and rituals. For work, pleasure, and freedom in America, the slaves adapted a new kind of music, developing a new culture for themselves by combining parts of the American culture with African culture. The new music of work songs, shouts, hollers, cries, and moans, evolved into the blues, happy and sad songs.

Emerging brands moving in to Developed markets Essay

Emerging brands moving in to Developed markets - Essay Example The new business needs to comply with laws and regulations of every country in which they conduct business. The more stores one open there is more chance for the business to face legal complications. The international business need to understand and comply with legal formalities regarding labour law, company law and other regulations. Certain courtiers also prohibit certain products due to social, religious or cultural reasons. So these need to be considered while opening stores around world. According to Khan (2011,pg 445-49) â€Å" There is a considerable change in the international business environment, which is said to be an environment of many challenges and many opportunities†. Many business owners presume that internationalization is all about opening of stores abroad. A business cannot only become an international brand if it opens stores abroad. Any business need to understand and evaluate its long term prospects before they open stores abroad. An international business can face many crises during its journey the pricing, quality and promotion of the products or sold has an important role in internalization. In a foreign market price is an important element which can determine the success or failure of a firm. Price is a competitive factor as there are many products which cheaper price in foreign market which can hinder the success of retailers in foreign countries. According to Constanza (2011,pg149-69) â€Å"Regulatory, geographical, economic, cultural, psychic and administrative differences between countries are seen as generating costs, risks, and barriers for internationalizing firms†. In same manner the quality of the product or service should be attractive enough to the customers in international platform. The consumer behavior and choices of international consumers can be a threat to internationalization and only expanding cannot make it a success. The promotion campaigns of international market are huge